{"product_id":"2940012343178","title":"THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO (The Bestselling World Revolution Manual) by KARL MARX \u0026 FRIEDRICH ENGELS Special NOOK Edition The Communist Manifesto NOOKbook Anarchist Revolution Books Radical Philosophy Collection (Anti Capitalism Anti Globalization Communism)","description":"OVERVIEW\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Communist Manifesto, originally titled Manifesto of the Communist Party (German: Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei) is a short 1848 book written by the German Marxist political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It has since been recognized as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. Commissioned by the Communist League, it laid out the League's purposes and program. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and present) and the problems of capitalism, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future forms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book contains Marx and Engels' Marxist theories about the nature of society and politics, that in their own words, \"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.\" It also briefly features their ideas for how the capitalist society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism, and then eventually communism.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTABLE OF CONTENTS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI. BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS\u003cbr\u003eII. PROLETARIANS AND COMMUNISTS\u003cbr\u003eIII SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST LITERATURE\u003cbr\u003e1. REACTIONARY SOCIALISM\u003cbr\u003e2. CONSERVATIVE, OR BOURGEOIS, SOCIALISM\u003cbr\u003e3. CRITICAL-UTOPIAN SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM\u003cbr\u003eIV. POSITION OF THE COMMUNISTS IN RELATION TO THE VARIOUS EXISTING OPPOSITION PARTIES\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEXCERPT\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles.\u003cbr\u003eFreeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms: Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes, directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom the serfs of the Middle Ages sprang the chartered burghers of the earliest towns. From these burgesses the first elements of the bourgeoisie were developed.\u003cbr\u003eThe discovery of America, the rounding of the Cape, opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie. The East-Indian and Chinese markets, the colonisation of America, trade with the colonies, the increase in the means of exchange and in commodities generally, gave to commerce, to navigation, to industry, an impulse never before known, and thereby, to the revolutionary element in the tottering feudal society, a rapid development.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe feudal system of industry, under which industrial production was monopolised by closed guilds, now no longer sufficed for the growing wants of the new markets. The manufacturing system took its place. The guild-masters were pushed on one side by the manufacturing middle class; division of labour between the different corporate guilds vanished in the face of division of labour in each single workshop.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeantime the markets kept ever growing, the demand ever rising. Even manufacture no longer sufficed. Thereupon, steam and machinery revolutionised industrial production. The place of manufacture was taken by the giant, Modern Industry, the place of the industrial middle class, by industrial millionaires, the leaders of whole industrial armies, the modern bourgeois.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eModern industry has established the world-market, for which the discovery of America paved the way. This market has given an immense development to commerce, to navigation, to communication by land. This development has, in its time, reacted on the extension of industry; and in proportion as industry, commerce, navigation, railways extended, in the same proportion the bourgeoisie developed, increased its capital, and pushed into the background every class handed down from the Middle Ages.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWe see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.\"","brand":"Anarchist Revolution Books | Radical Philosophy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47145323200752,"sku":"2940012343178","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940012343178_p0.jpg?v=1763567711","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940012343178","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}