{"product_id":"2940013246379","title":"Interleukin-21: Basic Biology and Implications for Cancer and Autoimmunity","description":"Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-α-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is produced by NKT and CD4+ T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of lymphoid cells, increased cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. Conversely, IL-21 also has direct inhibitory effects on the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells and can be proapoptotic for B cells and NK cells. IL-21 is also produced by Th17 cells and is a critical regulator of Th17 development. The regulatory activity of IL-21 is modulated by the differentiation state of its target cells as well as by other cytokines or costimulatory molecules. IL-21 has potent antitumor activity but is also associated with the development of autoimmune disease. IL-21 transcription is dependent on a calcium signal and NFAT sites, and IL-21 requires Stat3 for its signaling. The key to harnessing the power of IL-21 will depend on better understanding its range of biological actions, its mechanism of action, and the molecular basis of regulation of expression of IL-21 and its receptor.","brand":"Annual Reviews","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47152594092272,"sku":"2940013246379","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940013246379_p0.jpg?v=1763578872","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940013246379","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}