{"product_id":"2940013469433","title":"HISTORY OF FRANCE","description":"CONTENTS.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e                                     PAGE\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER I.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE EARLIER KINGS OF FRANCE             1\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER II.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR                 25\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER III.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE STRUGGLE WITH BURGUNDY             43\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER IV.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE ITALIAN WARS                       52\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER V.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE WARS OF RELIGION                   63\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER VI.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePOWER OF THE CROWN                     81\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER VII.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE REVOLUTION                        102\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER VIII.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFRANCE SINCE THE REVOLUTION           116\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[Illustration: MAP OF FRANCE.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e_Shewing the Provinces._]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[Illustration: MAP OF FRANCE.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e_Shewing the Departments._]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFRANCE.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER I.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE EARLIER KINGS OF FRANCE.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. France.--The country we now know as France is the tract of land\u003cbr\u003eshut in by the British Channel, the Bay of Biscay, the Pyrenees, the\u003cbr\u003eMediterranean, and the Alps. But this country only gained the name of\u003cbr\u003eFrance by degrees. In the earliest days of which we have any account, it\u003cbr\u003ewas peopled by the Celts, and it was known to the Romans as part of a\u003cbr\u003elarger country which bore the name of Gaul. After all of it, save the\u003cbr\u003enorth-western moorlands, or what we now call Brittany, had been\u003cbr\u003econquered and settled by the Romans, it was overrun by tribes of the\u003cbr\u003egreat Teutonic race, the same family to which Englishmen belong. Of\u003cbr\u003ethese tribes, the Goths settled in the provinces to the south; the\u003cbr\u003eBurgundians, in the east, around the Jura; while the Franks, coming\u003cbr\u003eover the rivers in its unprotected north-eastern corner, and making\u003cbr\u003ethemselves masters of a far wider territory, broke up into two\u003cbr\u003ekingdoms--that of the Eastern Franks in what is now Germany, and that of\u003cbr\u003ethe Western Franks reaching from the Rhine to the Atlantic. These Franks\u003cbr\u003esubdued all the other Teutonic conquerors of Gaul, while they adopted\u003cbr\u003ethe religion, the language, and some of the civilization of the\u003cbr\u003eRomanized Gauls who became their subjects. Under the second Frankish\u003cbr\u003edynasty, the Empire was renewed in the West, where it had been for a\u003cbr\u003etime put an end to by these Teutonic invasions, and the then Frankish\u003cbr\u003eking, Charles the Great, took his place as Emperor at its head. But in\u003cbr\u003ethe time of his grandsons the various kingdoms and nations of which the\u003cbr\u003eEmpire was composed, fell apart again under different descendants of\u003cbr\u003ehis. One of these, _Charles the Bald_, was made King of the Western\u003cbr\u003eFranks in what was termed the Neustrian, or \"not eastern,\" kingdom, from\u003cbr\u003ewhich the present France has sprung. This kingdom in name covered all\u003cbr\u003ethe country west of the Upper Meuse, but practically the Neustrian king\u003cbr\u003ehad little power south of the Loire; and the Celts of Brittany were\u003cbr\u003enever included in it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. The House of Paris.--The great danger which this Neustrian kingdom\u003cbr\u003ehad to meet came from the Northmen, or as they were called in England\u003cbr\u003ethe Danes. These ravaged in Neustria as they ravaged in England; and a\u003cbr\u003elarge part of the northern coast, including the mouth of the Seine, was\u003cbr\u003egiven by Charles the Bald to Rolf or Rollo, one of their leaders, whose\u003cbr\u003eland became known as the Northman's land, or Normandy. What most checked\u003cbr\u003ethe ravages of these pirates was the resistance of Paris, a town which\u003cbr\u003ecommanded the road along the river Seine; and it was in defending the\u003cbr\u003ecity of Paris from the Northmen, that a warrior named Robert the Strong\u003cbr\u003egained the trust and affection of the inhabitants of the Neustrian\u003cbr\u003ekingdom. He and his family became Counts (_i.e._, judges and protectors)\u003cbr\u003eof Paris, and Dukes (or leaders) of the Franks. Three generations of\u003cbr\u003ethem were really great men--Robert the Strong, Odo, and Hugh the White;\u003cbr\u003eand when the descendants of Charles the Great had died out, a Duke of\u003cbr\u003ethe Franks, _Hugh Capet_, was in 987 crowned King of the Franks. All the\u003cbr\u003eafter kings of France down to Louis Philippe were descendants of Hugh\u003cbr\u003eCapet. By this change, however, he gained little in real power; for,\u003cbr\u003ethough he claimed to rule over the whole country of the Neustrian\u003cbr\u003eFranks, his authority was little heeded, save in the domain which he had\u003cbr\u003epossessed as Count of Paris, including the cities of Paris, Orleans,\u003cbr\u003eAmiens, and Rheims (the coronation place). He was guardian, too, of the\u003cbr\u003egreat Abbeys of St. Denys and St. Martin of Tours. The Duke of Normandy\u003cbr\u003eand the Count of Anjou to the west, the Count of Flanders to the north,\u003cbr\u003ethe Count of Champagne to the east, and the Duke of Aquitaine to the\u003cbr\u003esouth, paid him homage, but were the only actual rulers in their own\u003cbr\u003edomains.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. The Kingdom of Hugh Capet.--The language of Hugh's king","brand":"SAP","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47145682469104,"sku":"2940013469433","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940013469433_p0.jpg?v=1763581300","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940013469433","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}