{"product_id":"2940013803190","title":"The Story of Geographical Discovery","description":"CONTENTS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e CHAP.\u003cbr\u003e       PREFACE\u003cbr\u003e       LIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS\u003cbr\u003e       INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003e    I. THE WORLD AS KNOWN TO THE ANCIENTS\u003cbr\u003e   II. THE SPREAD OF CONQUEST IN THE ANCIENT WORLD\u003cbr\u003e  III. GEOGRAPHY IN THE DARK AGES\u003cbr\u003e   IV. MEDIÆVAL TRAVELS--MARCO POLO, IBN BATUTA\u003cbr\u003e    V. ROADS AND COMMERCE\u003cbr\u003e   VI. TO THE INDIES EASTWARD--PORTUGUESE ROUTE--PRINCE HENRY AND VASCO\u003cbr\u003e       DA GAMA\u003cbr\u003e  VII. TO THE INDIES WESTWARD--SPANISH ROUTE--COLUMBUS AND MAGELLAN\u003cbr\u003e VIII. TO THE INDIES NORTHWARD--ENGLISH, FRENCH, DUTCH, AND RUSSIAN ROUTES\u003cbr\u003e   IX. PARTITION OF AMERICA\u003cbr\u003e    X. AUSTRALIA AND THE SOUTH SEAS--TASMAN AND COOK\u003cbr\u003e   XI. EXPLORATION AND PARTITION OF AFRICA--PARK, LIVINGSTON, AND STANLEY\u003cbr\u003e  XII. THE POLES--FRANKLIN, ROSS, NORDENSKIOLD, AND NANSEN\u003cbr\u003e       ANNALS OF DISCOVERY\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCOAT-OF-ARMS OF DEL CANO (from Guillemard, _Magellan_. By kind\u003cbr\u003epermission of Messrs. Phillips).--It illustrates the importance\u003cbr\u003eattributed to the Spice Islands as the main object of Magellan's\u003cbr\u003evoyage. For the blazon, see pp. 129-30.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE EARLIEST MAP OF THE WORLD (from the Rev. C. J. Ball's _Bible\u003cbr\u003eIllustrations_, 1898).--This is probably of the eighth century\u003cbr\u003eB.C., and indicates the Babylonian view of the world surrounded by\u003cbr\u003ethe ocean, which is indicated by the parallel circles, and traversed\u003cbr\u003eby the Euphrates, which is seen meandering through the middle, with\u003cbr\u003eBabylon, the great city, crossing it at the top. Beyond the ocean\u003cbr\u003eare seven successive projections of land, possibly indicating the\u003cbr\u003eBabylonian knowledge of surrounding countries beyond the Euxine\u003cbr\u003eand the Red Sea.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE WORLD ACCORDING TO PTOLEMY.--It will be observed that the Greek\u003cbr\u003egeographer regarded the Indian Ocean as a landlocked body of water,\u003cbr\u003ewhile he appears to have some knowledge of the so ces of the Nile.\u003cbr\u003eThe general tendency of the map is to extend Asia very much to\u003cbr\u003ethe east, which led to the miscalculation encouraging Columbus to\u003cbr\u003ediscover America.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE ROMAN ROADS OF EUROPE (drawn specially for this work).--These\u003cbr\u003egive roughly the limits within which the inland geographical knowledge\u003cbr\u003eof the ancients reach some degrees of accuracy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGEOGRAPHICAL MONSTERS (from an early edition of Mandeville's\u003cbr\u003e_Travels_).--Most of the mediæval maps were dotted over with similar\u003cbr\u003emonstrosities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE HEREFORD MAP.--This, one of the best known of mediæval maps,\u003cbr\u003ewas drawn by Richard of Aldingham about 1307. Like most of these\u003cbr\u003emaps, it has the East with the terrestrial paradise at the top,\u003cbr\u003eand Jerusalem is represented as the centre.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePEUTINGER TABLE, WESTERN PART.--This is the only Roman map extant;\u003cbr\u003eit gives lines of roads from the eastern shores of Britain to the\u003cbr\u003eAdriatic Sea. It is really a kind of bird's-eye view taken from\u003cbr\u003ethe African coast. The Mediterranean runs as a thin strip through\u003cbr\u003ethe lower part of the map. The lower section joins on to the upper.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE WORLD ACCORDING TO IBN HAUKAL (from Lelewel, _Géographie du\u003cbr\u003emon age_).--This map, like most of the Arabian maps, has the south\u003cbr\u003eat the top. It is practically only a diagram, and is thus similar\u003cbr\u003eto the Hereford Map in general form.--Misr=Egypt, Fars=Persia,\u003cbr\u003eAndalus=Spain.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCOAST-LINE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (from the _Portulano_ of Dulcert,\u003cbr\u003e1339, given in Nordenskiold's _Facsimile Atlas_).--To illustrate\u003cbr\u003ethe accuracy with which mariners' charts gave the coast-lines as\u003cbr\u003econtrasted with the merely symbolical representation of other mediæval\u003cbr\u003emaps.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFRA MAURO MAP, 1457 (from Lelewel, _loc. Cit._).--Here, as usual,\u003cbr\u003ethe south is placed at the top of the map. Besides the ordinary\u003cbr\u003emediæval conceptions, Fra Mauro included the Portuguese discoveries\u003cbr\u003ealong the coast of Africa up to his time, 1457.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePORTUGUESE DISCOVERIES IN AFRICA (from E. J. Payne, _European Colonies_,\u003cbr\u003e1877).--Giving the successive points reached by the Portuguese\u003cbr\u003enavigators during the fifteenth century.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePORTUGUESE INDIES (from Payne, _loc. Cit._).--All the ports mentioned\u003cbr\u003ein ordinary type were held by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE TOSCANELLI MAP (from Kretschmer, _Entdeckung Amerikas_, 1892).--This\u003cbr\u003eis a reconstruction of the map which Columbus got from the Italian\u003cbr\u003eastronomer and cartographer Toscanelli and used to guide him in\u003cbr\u003ehis voyage across the Atlantic. Its general resemblance to the\u003cbr\u003eBehaim Globe will be remarked.","brand":"SAP","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47169951138032,"sku":"2940013803190","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940013803190_p0.jpg?v=1763590472","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940013803190","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}