{"product_id":"2940013836136","title":"ELIZABETHAN SEA-DOGS","description":"CONTENTS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI. ENGLAND'S FIRST LOOK Page 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eII. HENRY VIII, KING OF THE ENGLISH SEA \" 18\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIII. LIFE AFLOAT IN TUDOR TIMES \" 33\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIV. ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND \" 48\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eV. HAWKINS AND THE FIGHTING TRADERS \" 71\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVI. DRAKE'S BEGINNING \" 95\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVII. DRAKE'S 'ENCOMPASSMENT OF ALL THE WORLDE' \" 115\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVIII. DRAKE CLIPS THE WINGS OF SPAIN \" 149\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIX. DRAKE AND THE SPANISH ARMADA \" 172\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eX. 'THE ONE AND THE FIFTY-THREE' \" 192\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eXI. RALEIGH AND THE VISION OF THE WEST \" 205\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eXII. DRAKE'S END \" 223\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNOTE ON TUDOR SHIPPING \" 231\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE \" 241\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eINDEX \" 247\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eELIZABETHAN SEA-DOGS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER I\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eENGLAND'S FIRST LOOK\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the early spring of 1476 the Italian Giovanni Caboto, who, like\u003cbr\u003eChristopher Columbus, was a seafaring citizen of Genoa, transferred his\u003cbr\u003eallegiance to Venice.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Roman Empire had fallen a thousand years before. Rome now held\u003cbr\u003etemporal sway only over the States of the Church, which were weak in\u003cbr\u003earmed force, even when compared with the small republics, dukedoms, and\u003cbr\u003eprincipalities which lay north and south. But Papal Rome, as the head\u003cbr\u003eand heart of a spiritual empire, was still a world-power; and the\u003cbr\u003edisunited Italian states were first in the commercial enterprise of the\u003cbr\u003eage as well as in the glories of the Renaissance. North of the Papal\u003cbr\u003edomain, which cut the peninsula in two parts, stood three renowned\u003cbr\u003eItalian cities: Florence, the capital of Tuscany, leading the world in\u003cbr\u003earts; Genoa, the home of Caboto and Columbus, teaching the world the\u003cbr\u003escience of navigation; and Venice, mistress of the great trade route\u003cbr\u003ebetween Europe and Asia, controlling the world's commerce.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThus, in becoming a citizen of Venice, Giovanni Caboto the Genoese was\u003cbr\u003eleaving the best home of scientific navigation for the best home of\u003cbr\u003esea-borne trade. His very name was no bad credential. Surnames often\u003cbr\u003ecome from nicknames; and for a Genoese to be called _Il Caboto_ was as\u003cbr\u003emuch as for an Arab of the Desert to be known to his people as The\u003cbr\u003eHorseman. _Cabottággio_ now means no more than coasting trade. But\u003cbr\u003ebefore there was any real ocean commerce it referred to the regular\u003cbr\u003esea-borne trade of the time; and Giovanni Caboto must have either upheld\u003cbr\u003ean exceptional family tradition or struck out an exceptional line for\u003cbr\u003ehimself to have been known as John the Skipper among the many other\u003cbr\u003eexpert skippers hailing from the port of Genoa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere was nothing strange in his being naturalized in Venice. Patriotism\u003cbr\u003eof the kind that keeps the citizen under the flag of his own country\u003cbr\u003ewas hardly known outside of England, France, and Spain. Though the\u003cbr\u003eItalian states used to fight each other, an individual Italian,\u003cbr\u003eespecially when he was a sailor, always felt at liberty to seek his\u003cbr\u003efortune in any one of them, or wherever he found his chance most\u003cbr\u003etempting. So the Genoese Giovanni became the Venetian Zuan without any\u003cbr\u003epatriotic wrench. Nor was even the vastly greater change to plain John\u003cbr\u003eCabot so very startling. Italian experts entered the service of a\u003cbr\u003eforeign monarch as easily as did the 'pay-fighting Swiss' or Hessian\u003cbr\u003emercenaries. Columbus entered the Spanish service under Ferdinand and\u003cbr\u003eIsabella just as Cabot entered the English service under Henry VII.\u003cbr\u003eGiovanni--Zuan--John: it was all in a good day's work.","brand":"SAP","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47172751393008,"sku":"2940013836136","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940013836136_p0.jpg?v=1763595358","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940013836136","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}