{"product_id":"2940013874527","title":"THE HISPANIC NATIONS OF THE NEW WORLD","description":"CONTENTS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     I. THE HERITAGE FROM SPAIN AND PORTUGAL\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     II. \"OUR OLD KING OR NONE\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     III. \"INDEPENDENCE OR DEATH\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     IV. PLOUGHING THE SEA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     V. THE AGE OF THE DICTATORS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     VI. PERIL FROM ABROAD\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     VII. GREATER STATES AND LESSER\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     VIII. \"ON THE MARGIN OF INTERNATIONAL LIFE\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     IX. THE REPUBLICS OF SOUTH AMERICA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     X. MEXICO IN REVOLUTION\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     XI. THE REPUBLICS OF THE CARIBBEAN\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     XII. PAN-AMERICANISM AND THE GREAT WAR\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE HISPANIC NATIONS OF THE NEW WORLD\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER I. THE HERITAGE FROM SPAIN AND PORTUGAL\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt the time of the American Revolution most of the New World still\u003cbr\u003ebelonged to Spain and Portugal, whose captains and conquerors had\u003cbr\u003ebeen the first to come to its shores. Spain had the lion's share, but\u003cbr\u003ePortugal held Brazil, in itself a vast land of unsuspected resources.\u003cbr\u003eNo empire mankind had ever yet known rivaled in size the illimitable\u003cbr\u003edomains of Spain and Portugal in the New World; and none displayed such\u003cbr\u003eremarkable contrasts in land and people. Boundless plains and forests,\u003cbr\u003eswamps and deserts, mighty mountain chains, torrential streams and\u003cbr\u003emajestic rivers, marked the surface of the country. This vast territory\u003cbr\u003estretched from the temperate prairies west of the Mississippi down to\u003cbr\u003ethe steaming lowlands of Central America, then up through tablelands in\u003cbr\u003ethe southern continent to high plateaus, miles above sea level, where\u003cbr\u003ethe sun blazed and the cold, dry air was hard to breathe, and then\u003cbr\u003ehigher still to the lofty peaks of the Andes, clad in eternal snow or\u003cbr\u003epouring fire and smoke from their summits in the clouds, and thence to\u003cbr\u003ethe lower temperate valleys, grassy pampas, and undulating hills of the\u003cbr\u003efar south.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eScattered over these vast colonial domains in the Western World were\u003cbr\u003esomewhere between 12,000,000 and 19,000,000 people subject to Spain, and\u003cbr\u003eperhaps 3,000,000, to Portugal; the great majority of them were Indians\u003cbr\u003eand negroes, the latter predominating in the lands bordering on the\u003cbr\u003eCaribbean Sea and along the shores of Brazil. Possibly one-fourth of\u003cbr\u003ethe inhabitants came of European stock, including not only Spaniards and\u003cbr\u003etheir descendants but also the folk who spoke English in the Floridas\u003cbr\u003eand French in Louisiana.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring the centuries which had elapsed since the entry of the Spaniards\u003cbr\u003eand Portuguese into these regions an extraordinary fusion of races had\u003cbr\u003etaken place. White, red, and black had mingled to such an extent that\u003cbr\u003ethe bulk of the settled population became half-caste. Only in the more\u003cbr\u003etemperate regions of the far north and south, where the aborigines were\u003cbr\u003ecomparatively few or had disappeared altogether, did the whites remain\u003cbr\u003eracially distinct. Socially the Indian and the negro counted for little.\u003cbr\u003eThey constituted the laboring class on whom all the burdens fell and for\u003cbr\u003ewhom advantages in the body politic were scant. Legally the Indian under\u003cbr\u003eSpanish rule stood on a footing of equality with his white fellows,\u003cbr\u003eand many a gifted native came to be reckoned a force in the community,\u003cbr\u003ethough his social position remained a subordinate one. Most of the\u003cbr\u003enegroes were slaves and were more kindly treated by the Spaniards than\u003cbr\u003eby the Portuguese.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThough divided among themselves, the Europeans were everywhere\u003cbr\u003epolitically dominant. The Spaniard was always an individualist. Besides,\u003cbr\u003ehe often brought from the Old World petty provincial traditions which\u003cbr\u003ewere intensified in the New. The inhabitants of towns, many of which had\u003cbr\u003ebeen founded quite independently of one another, knew little about their\u003cbr\u003eremote neighbors and often were quite willing to convert their ignorance\u003cbr\u003einto prejudice: The dweller in the uplands and the resident on the coast\u003cbr\u003ewere wont to view each other with disfavor. The one was thought heavy\u003cbr\u003eand stupid, the other frivolous and lazy. Native Spaniards regarded the\u003cbr\u003eCreoles, or American born, as persons who had degenerated more or less\u003cbr\u003eby their contact with the aborigines and the wilderness. For their part,\u003cbr\u003ethe Creoles looked upon the Spaniards as upstarts and intruders, whose\u003cbr\u003esole claim to consideration lay in the privileges dispensed them by the\u003cbr\u003ehome government. In testimony of this attitude they coined for their\u003cbr\u003eoversea kindred numerous nicknames which were more expressive than\u003cbr\u003ecomplimentary. While the Creoles held most of the wealth and of the\u003cbr\u003elower offices, the Spaniards enjoyed the perquisites and emoluments of\u003cbr\u003ethe higher posts.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThough objects of disdain to both these masters, the Indians generally\u003cbr\u003epreferred the Spaniard to the Creole.","brand":"SAP","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47069223518448,"sku":"2940013874527","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940013874527_p0.jpg?v=1763596481","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940013874527","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}