{"product_id":"2940015609523","title":"Criminal Psychology","description":"GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE\u003cbr\u003eMODERN CRIMINAL SCIENCE SERIES.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAT the National Conference of Criminal Law and Criminology,\u003cbr\u003eheld in Chicago, at Northwestern University, in June, 1909,\u003cbr\u003ethe American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology was\u003cbr\u003eorganized; and, as a part of its work, the following resolution was\u003cbr\u003epassed:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e``_Whereas_, it is exceedingly desirable that important treatises\u003cbr\u003eon criminology in foreign languages be made readily accessible in\u003cbr\u003ethe English language, _Resolved_, that the president appoint a committee\u003cbr\u003eof five with power to select such treatises as in their judgment\u003cbr\u003eshould be translated, and to arrange for their publication.''\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Committee appointed under this Resolution has made careful\u003cbr\u003einvestigation of the literature of the subject, and has consulted\u003cbr\u003eby frequent correspondence. It has selected several works from\u003cbr\u003eamong the mass of material. It has arranged with publisher, with\u003cbr\u003eauthors, and with translators, for the immediate undertaking and\u003cbr\u003erapid progress of the task. It realizes the necessity of educating\u003cbr\u003ethe professions and the public by the wide diffusion of information\u003cbr\u003eon this subject. It desires here to explain the considerations which\u003cbr\u003ehave moved it in seeking to select the treatises best adapted to the\u003cbr\u003epurpose.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor the community at large, it is important to recognize that\u003cbr\u003ecriminal science is a larger thing than criminal law. The legal\u003cbr\u003eprofession in particular has a duty to familiarize itself with the\u003cbr\u003eprinciples of that science, as the sole means for intelligent and\u003cbr\u003esystematic improvement of the criminal law.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwo centuries ago, while modern medical science was still young,\u003cbr\u003emedical practitioners proceeded upon two general assumptions:\u003cbr\u003eone as to the cause of disease, the other as to its treatment. As\u003cbr\u003eto the cause of disease,--disease was sent by the inscrutable will\u003cbr\u003eof God. No man could fathom that will, nor its arbitrary operation.\u003cbr\u003eAs to the treatment of disease, there were believed to be\u003cbr\u003ea few remedial agents of universal efficacy. Calomel and bloodletting,\u003cbr\u003efor example, were two of the principal ones. A larger or\u003cbr\u003e\u0026lt;p vi\u0026gt;\u003cbr\u003esmaller dose of calomel, a greater or less quantity of bloodletting,\u003cbr\u003e--this blindly indiscriminate mode of treatment was regarded as\u003cbr\u003eorthodox for all common varieties of ailment. And so his calomel\u003cbr\u003epill and his bloodletting lances were carried everywhere with him\u003cbr\u003eby the doctor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNowadays, all this is past, in medical science. As to the causes\u003cbr\u003eof disease, we know that they are facts of nature,--various, but\u003cbr\u003edistinguishable by diagnosis and research, and more or less capable\u003cbr\u003eof prevention or control or counter-action. As to the treatment,\u003cbr\u003ewe now know that there are various specific modes of treatment\u003cbr\u003efor specific causes or symptoms, and that the treatment must\u003cbr\u003ebe adapted to the cause. In short, the individualization of disease,\u003cbr\u003ein cause and in treatment, is the dominant truth of modern medical\u003cbr\u003escience.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe same truth is now known about crime; but the understanding\u003cbr\u003eand the application of it are just opening upon us. The old\u003cbr\u003eand still dominant thought is, as to cause, that a crime is caused\u003cbr\u003eby the inscrutable moral free will of the human being, doing or\u003cbr\u003enot doing the crime, just as it pleases; absolutely free in advance,\u003cbr\u003eat any moment of time, to choose or not to choose the criminal act,\u003cbr\u003eand therefore in itself the sole and ultimate cause of crime. As to\u003cbr\u003etreatment, there still are just two traditional measures, used in\u003cbr\u003evarying doses for all kinds of crime and all kinds of persons,--\u003cbr\u003ejail, or a fine (for death is now employed in rare cases only). But\u003cbr\u003emodern science, here as in medicine, recognizes that crime also\u003cbr\u003e(like disease) has natural causes. It need not be asserted for one\u003cbr\u003emoment that crime is a disease. But it does have natural causes,--\u003cbr\u003ethat is, circumstances which work to produce it in a given case.\u003cbr\u003eAnd as to treatment, modern science recognizes that penal or remedial\u003cbr\u003etreatment cannot possibly be indiscriminate and machine-\u003cbr\u003elike, but must be adapted to the causes, and to the man as affected\u003cbr\u003eby those causes. Common sense and logic alike require, inevitably,\u003cbr\u003ethat the moment we predicate a specific cause for an undesirable\u003cbr\u003eeffect, the remedial treatment must be specifically adapted to that\u003cbr\u003ecause.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThus the great truth of the present and the future, for criminal\u003cbr\u003escience, is the individualization of penal treatment,--for that man,\u003cbr\u003eand for the cause of that man's crime.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNow this truth opens up a vast field for re-examination. It\u003cbr\u003emeans that we must study all the possible data that can be causes\u003cbr\u003eof crime,--","brand":"SAP","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47071052726512,"sku":"2940015609523","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940015609523","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}