{"product_id":"2940044580350","title":"A Simple Guide to the Blood Cells, Related Diseases And Use in Disease Diagnosis","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Blood Cells\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat are Blood Cells?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBlood cells are cells produced by hematopoiesis (the process of blood production) in the bone marrow and make up 45% of the blood in a human body.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat are the Types of Blood Cells?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the human body there are 3 types of blood cells:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Red blood cells – Erythrocytes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. White blood cells – Leukocytes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Platelets– Thrombocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThey are suspended in a slightly alkaline liquid called the plasma which forms the remaining 55% of the blood volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe plasma contains 90% water and 9% proteins with remainder being:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Glucose\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Antibodies\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Hormones\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Enzymes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. Vitamins\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6. Mineral salts\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7. Lipids\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8. Gases\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn an adult person, the blood is about 1\/12th of the body weight and this means 5-6 liters.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat are the functions of the blood cells?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe blood cell has important functions:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. It brings oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and collects the carbon dioxide (CO2) back to the lungs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. It also carries nutritive substances such as proteins, glucose and minerals to the tissues and gathers the excreted material which will be filtered through the kidneys.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe blood also carries hormones, enzymes and vitamins.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. It protects the body by mean of the antibacterial activity of the leukocytes, the bactericidal power of the serum and the immune response of which the lymphocytes are the protagonists.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat are the features of different Blood Cells?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the blood are present special cells, classified in:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Red Blood cells or erythrocytes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. White Blood Cells or leukocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Platelets or thrombocytes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eErythrocytes (red cells)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe erythrocytes are the most numerous blood cells i.e. about 4-6 millions\/mm3.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThey are also called red cells.\u003cbr\u003eIn man erythrocytes are devoid of a nucleus and have the shape of a biconcave lens.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe red cells are rich in hemoglobin, a protein able to bind in a faint manner to oxygen.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese cells are responsible for providing oxygen to tissues and partly for recovering carbon dioxide produced as waste.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, most CO2 is carried by plasma, in the form of soluble carbonates\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe lack of nucleus allows more room for hemoglobin and the biconcave shape of these cells raises the surface and cytoplasmic (cell to plasma) volume ratio.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese characteristics make more efficient the diffusion of oxygen by these cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn so-called \"sickle-cell Anemia\", erythrocytes become typically sickle-shaped.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRed cells can have different shapes:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. normal (discocyte),\u003cbr\u003e2. berry (crenated),\u003cbr\u003e3. burr (echinocyte),\u003cbr\u003e4. target (codocyte),\u003cbr\u003e5. oat,\u003cbr\u003e6. sickled,\u003cbr\u003e7. helmet,\u003cbr\u003e8. pinched,\u003cbr\u003e9. pointed,\u003cbr\u003e10. indented,\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean life of erythrocytes is about 120 days.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen they come to the end of their life, they are retained by the spleen where they are phagocyted by macrophages.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLeukocytes (white cells)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLeukocytes, or white cells, are responsible for the defense of the organism.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the blood, they are much less numerous than red cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe density of the leukocytes in the blood is 5000-7000 \/mm3.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLeukocytes divide in two categories:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. granulocytes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe term granulocyte is due to the presence of granules in the cytoplasm of these cells.\u003cbr\u003eIn the different types of granulocytes, the granules are different.\u003cbr\u003eGranulocytes distinguish themselves in neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. lymphoid cells or agranulocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe lymphoid cells, instead, distinguish themselves in lymphocytes and monocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEach type of leukocyte is present in the blood in different proportions:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea. neutrophil 50 - 70 %\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eb. eosinophil 2 - 4 %\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ec. basophil 0.5 - 1 %\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ed. lymphocyte 20 - 40 %\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ee. monocyte 3 - 8 %\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 The Blood Cells\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 2 Blood Cells in Disease Diagnosis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 3 Anemia\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 4 Aplastic Anemia\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 5 G6PD Deficiency\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 6 Thalassemia\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 7 Blood Cancers -Leukemia\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 8 Lymphoma\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 9 Multiple Myeloma\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 10 Thrombocytopenia\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 11 Hemophilia\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47077840486640,"sku":"2940044580350","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940044580350_p0.jpg?v=1769889455","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940044580350","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}