{"product_id":"2940045090940","title":"A Simple Guide to Kidney Stones and Kidney Diseases","description":"\u003cp\u003eUrinary Stones are small, solid stones which occur when salts or minerals in the urine become solid crystals inside the kidney.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUrinary Stones are formed usually because of the accumulation of salts and minerals especially calcium in the urine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsually the stones may be so small that they pass out through the urine without the knowledge of the patient.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome however become bigger due to accumulation of the salts and minerals and the concentration of the urine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe bigger stones may remain in the tubes of the kidney and are called renal stones.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome smaller stones may move out of the kidney and passes through the ureters which are the tubes bringing urine from the kidney to your bladder. These are called ureteric stones.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf a ureteric stone gets stuck in the ureter, this can cause blockage of the urine and severe pain.(ureteric colic)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDifferent kinds of Urinary stones form from different salts in the urine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Calcium stones forms about 80% of the urinary stones.\u003cbr\u003e50% are made up of calcium oxalate and the rest are calcium phosphate.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThey are spiky or large and smooth\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Uric acid stones are caused by accumulation of excess amounts of uric acid which can be due to eating a lot of meat.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThey are smooth, brown and soft\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Struvite stones (infection stones) are produced when there is too much ammonia in the urine occurring especially in urinary tract infection.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe bacteria that cause these urinary infections can generate ammonia.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThey are usually large and have a horn-like shape\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis kind of kidney stone is most often found in women.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Cystine stones occur when there are high levels of cystine in the urine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA hereditary disorder called cystinuria is the source of high cystine in the urine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThey are yellow and crystalline\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWho is at risk of Urinary stones formation?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRisk factors include:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Men get urinary stone more commonly than women\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. a previous history of kidney stone - 50% will develop another one within five years.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. a family history of kidney stones\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Age between 20 and 40\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. Not drinking enough water\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6. eating a diet high in protein\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7. taking certain medicines such as diuretics (water tablets), antacids and thyroid medications\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8. having only one kidney, or an abnormally shaped kidney\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat causes Urinary Stones?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUrinary Stones are caused by 4 main factors:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Insufficient water in the urine leading to concentration and stagnation of urine flow:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea. Insufficient intake of water\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eb. Intake of alcohol causing concentration of the blood volume\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Excess Urinary Constituents:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea. Calcium:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh calcium intake (includes calcium tablets and high calcium milk)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary Hyperparathyroidism leading to high blood calcium\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh Vitamin D intake cause high adsorption of calcium\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedical conditions such as cancer, some kidney diseases, or sarcoidosis are more likely to develop calcium stones.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eb. Oxalates:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh oxalate intake (cabbage, spinach, tomatoes, chocolates) in diet leads to high concentration of oxalates in urine\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ec. Uric Acid:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGout or High Uric Acid can form crystals which may lead to stones\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTreatments such as chemotherapy can also increase the risk of getting uric acid stones.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ed: Cystine:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHereditary cystinuria leads to high cystine in the urine and formation of cystine stones\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout one in a hundred urinary stones are due to this illness.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCystine stones tend to appear earlier in life between the ages of 10 and 30 years.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Infection of urine:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClumps of bacteria can form the nucleus of the stone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBacteria also produce ammonia which can promote formation of stones\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Congenital deformity of the kidney and urinary tract:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese block the passage of concentrated urine and causes formation of stones.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1 Kidney Stones\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 2 Kidney Cancer\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 3 Polycystic Kidneys\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 4 Glomeronephritis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 5 Nephrotic Syndrome\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 6 Cystitis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 7 Urethritis\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47082239066352,"sku":"2940045090940","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940045090940_p0.jpg?v=1769890163","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940045090940","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}