{"product_id":"2940148626466","title":"Molecular Regulation of Ghrelin Expression by Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines TNF-\u0026#x03B1; and IL-6 In Rat Pancreatic AR42J Cell Line","description":"Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretatgogue\u003cbr\u003ereceptor (GHS-R) that functions to stimulate growth hormone, regulate inflammation,\u003cbr\u003eappetite and energy balance. However, the regulation of ghrelin expression by\u003cbr\u003epro-inflammatory cytokines during inflammation process has never been investigated\u003cbr\u003esystematically. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of major\u003cbr\u003epro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 on ghrelin expression using AR42J rat\u003cbr\u003epancreatic cell line as model system. The cells were treated with different concentrations of\u003cbr\u003ethe cytokines for 24 hours. Real-Time RT-PCR, Western blot and densitometry analysis were\u003cbr\u003ecarried out to quantify ghrelin mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Although TNF-α\u003cbr\u003eand IL-6 stimulation resulted in a general down-regulatory pattern in both mRNA and protein\u003cbr\u003eexpression of ghrelin, stimulation with 5 ng\/ml of TNF-α and IL-6 slightly induced the\u003cbr\u003eexpression of ghrelin expression. However, higher doses of the cytokines ranging from\u003cbr\u003e10-50 ng\/ml suppressed the ghrelin expression in a dose-dependant manner. These results\u003cbr\u003eindicate that ghrelin in AR42J pancreatic cell line is regulated by the pro-inflammatory\u003cbr\u003ecytokines and that the dosages of the cytokines play an important factor in the regulation of\u003cbr\u003ethe expression.","brand":"ReadCycle","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47075387769072,"sku":"2940148626466","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940148626466_p0.jpg?v=1763705918","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940148626466","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}