{"product_id":"2940149005024","title":"POSTMODERN MORALS, ENDS, AND MEANS: SHIFTING IDEAS ABOUT WHY, HOW AND FOR WHOM WARS ARE FOUGHT","description":"During the postmodern era moral reasoning on why and how nations fight has shifted. The just\u003cbr\u003ewar tradition was founded during the fourth century in a system of thought based on natural law\u003cbr\u003eas defined by the Christian conception of God. This moral construct served as a means of valuing\u003cbr\u003eboth humanitarian concerns and state sovereignty. Then, during the Enlightenment era, modernist\u003cbr\u003ethinkers removed God as a metaphysical basis of the just war tradition, and systematized it such\u003cbr\u003ethat state sovereignty had greater value over humanitarian concerns. The advent of\u003cbr\u003epostmodernism in the last few decades, maintained the modern metaphysics, but prioritized\u003cbr\u003ehumanitarian concerns over sovereignty, hence the emergence of the recent international principle\u003cbr\u003eof responsibility to protect. However, because of the lack of a moral or legal authority to\u003cbr\u003edetermine when humanitarian concerns should trump state sovereignty, the application of the\u003cbr\u003eprinciple is surrounded in debate and uncertainty. Therefore, there is a search for international\u003cbr\u003ebodies that can assume such authority. The National Security Council has accepted this\u003cbr\u003eresponsibility, but inherently lacks the process to execute the principle to achieve postmodern\u003cbr\u003epurposes, so the search continues. Concurrent with the search for authority is a discussion\u003cbr\u003eregarding the appropriate means of conducting humanitarian intervention. A viable means exists\u003cbr\u003ein the postmodern technologically centric unmanned system. While there may be legitimate moral\u003cbr\u003econcerns surrounding drone use, when judged using the just war tradition, there are no moral\u003cbr\u003econcerns inherent in unmanned warfare that would prevent it from being used for humanitarian\u003cbr\u003eintervention. In fact, unmanned combat vehicles are well suited for such police style enforcement\u003cbr\u003eactions. Given the continuing search for an international authority to conduct humanitarian\u003cbr\u003eintervention and the viability of unmanned combat vehicles as a means to conduct such missions,\u003cbr\u003ethese postmodern influences portend an international organization with the authority and means\u003cbr\u003eto conduct international police functions in otherwise sovereign states.","brand":"ReadCycle","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47067909325040,"sku":"2940149005024","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940149005024_p0.jpg?v=1763711470","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940149005024","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}