{"product_id":"2940152391435","title":"Agranulocytosis, A Simple Guide to The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eAgranulocytosis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgranulocytosis is a dangerous condition which can occur from exposure to chemotherapy.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne of my patients with lung cancer had just died from severe infection following the loss of white blood cells following her chemotherapy.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat is Agranulocytosis?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgranulocytosis is a medical disorder in which the bone marrow does not make enough of a certain form of mature white blood cells (neutrophils).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe bone marrow is the blood producing tissue inside bones.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgranulocytosis is a reduction in circulating neutrophils in the blood which forms 4-5% of total body neutrophil stores\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost of the neutrophils are stored in the bone marrow, either as mitotically active (one third) or post-mitotic mature cells (two thirds)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGranulocytopenia is defined as a reduced number of blood granulocytes such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgranulocytosis is frequently used synonymously with neutropenia and is therefore confined to the neutrophil lineage alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe danger of serious infection rises as the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) drops to the severely neutropenic range (\u0026lt; 500\/µL).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe period and severity of neutropenia is directly linked with the total incidence of all infections and of those infections that can threaten life.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCauses\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgranulocytosis may be due to:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Autoimmune disorders2. Bone marrow diseases, such as myelodysplasia or large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia3. Certain medicines used to treat diseases4. Chemotherapy5. Certain street addiction drugs6. Poor nutrition7. Preparation for bone marrow transplant8. Genetic problems\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgranulocytosis results in a person not having enough of a specific form of white blood cells, such as neutrophils or granulocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA low neutrophil count may also happen when white blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymptoms\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeople with this disorder tend to have fevers and infections.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrequent presenting symptoms of neutropenia are:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Low-grade fever2. Sore mouth3. Odynophagia4. Gingival pain and swelling5. Skin abscesses6. Recurrent sinusitis and otitis7. Symptoms of pneumonia (e.g., cough, dyspnea)8. Perirectal pain and irritation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients with agranulocytosis normally present with:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Sudden onset of malaise2. Sudden onset of fever, possibly with chills and prostration3. Stomatitis and periodontitis together with pain4. Pharyngitis, with difficulty in swallowing\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLung infections are normally bacterial or fungal pneumonias.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical signs on evaluation of a patient with agranulocytosis are:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Fever2. Stomatitis3. Periodontal infection4. Cervical lymphadenopathy5. Skin infection: The skin examination focuses on rashes, ulcers, or abscesses6. Splenomegaly7. Related petechial bleeding8. Perirectal infection9. Growth retardation in children\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn agranulocytosis, the following may be present:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Fever (often 40°C or higher)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Rapid pulse and respiration\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Hypotension and signs of septic shock if infection has been present\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Painful aphthous ulcers in the oral cavity\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. Swollen and tender gums\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiagnosis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe diagnosis of agranulocytosis requires the exclusion of infectious and drug-induced causes of neutropenia through the following laboratory tests:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Full blood count: Including a differential count in assessing patients of agranulocytosis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Differential white blood cell count\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Peripheral smear review by a pathologist\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe following studies apply to some patients with neutropenia:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Antinuclear antibody\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Rheumatoid factor\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Serum immunoglobulin studies\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Liver function tests\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. Peripheral blood flow cytometry\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6. T-cell gene rearrangement for T-cell clonality\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria testing:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy high-sensitivity or fluorescent aerolysin (FLAER)–based flow cytometry\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8. Antineutrophil antibodies:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTne marrow aspiration or a biopsy from the posterior iliac crest should be obtained.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47069709041904,"sku":"2940152391435","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940152391435_p0.jpg?v=1764019723","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940152391435","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}