{"product_id":"2940152408218","title":"Immune System And Function, A Simple Guide And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eChapter 1\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Immune System\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat is immunity?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImmunity can be defined as protection from infection such as bacteria, virus, fungus, foreign body.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are different kinds of immunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis topic is about how different parts of the bodies work together to keep us from getting sick.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImmunity to some diseases is passed on from our mothers before we are born.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImmunization (having the 'shots') helps the body's immune defense system protect us from diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe body's immune system\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvery body has an inbuilt immune system which protects it from diseases and germs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis system has a lot of different parts which work together to keep out any harmful germs, and attack and destroy any which manage to get inside the body\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvery day the body is exposed to millions of germs, and you do not get sick from them because of the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe are surrounded by millions of bacteria, viruses and other microbes (germs) that have the potential to enter our bodies and cause harm.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe immune system is the body's defense against pathogens (disease-causing microbes).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe immune system is made up of non-specialized defenses such as skin and the acidic juice produced by the stomach.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut it also has some highly specialized defenses which give you immunity against (resistance to) particular pathogens.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese defenses are special white blood cells called lymphocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther types of white blood cells play an important part in defending the body against infection.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvery time you do get sick because of a germ, the immune system works to get rid of it and then it remembers how to fight the infection if the same germ comes again.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsually the older you get, the more germs you become immune to.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSo let's have a look at the immune system, starting from the outside of the body.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA. General Defenses\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea. The skin\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe skin is the first line of defense in the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWell the skin is like a plastic wrap to keep germs from getting into the body.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe epidermis (outside layer of skin) has special cells which warn the body about incoming germs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlands in the skin also make substances that can kill some bacteria (anti-bacterial chemicals).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis means you do not get infections on the skin unless the skin is damaged, such as by a cut or a graze.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eb. Mucosal defenses\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe nose, mouth and eyes are the next point of attack.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mucous membranes which line the mouth, throat, lungs and bowel, act like a barrier to germs, just as the skin does.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSaliva in the mouth and the tears which wash the eyes has special enzymes (chemicals) in them which break down the cell walls of many bacteria and viruses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mucous, that is made in the nose, throat and lungs traps bacteria, viruses and dust.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ec. Chemical Defenses\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcid in the stomach kills most germs, and starts to digest the food.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ed. Cough reflex\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThroat irritated by germs will be stimulated by the cough reflex to cough them out of the body\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ee. Gut micro-organisms\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGood bacteria in the bacterial flora of the intestine like lactobacillus not only produce vitamins like vitamin K but also help to get rid of bad bacteria\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eB. Types of Immune System\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe immune system is a network of cells, tissues and organs, found throughout the body that combats infectious disease and cancers.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is divided into 'innate' and 'adaptive' immune responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea. Innate immunity\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 'innate' (meaning: \"present from birth\" and \"operates throughout life\") part of the immune system is so-called because it has a number of set strategies for recognizing and dealing with certain kinds of infection without needing to be \"trained\" to identify them.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e'Innate' immunity is quick to respond to certain general signs of infection, and includes certain specialized cells (phagocytes) able to track and 'eat' infective germs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe first part is the defenses you are born with.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese form what are known as the innate system.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe innate system is found in many different places around the body.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFirst line of defense is the skin.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47074224144624,"sku":"2940152408218","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940152408218_p0.jpg?v=1764020810","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940152408218","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}