{"product_id":"2940153756059","title":"Kyphosis, A Simple Guide To The Disease, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eKyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.\u003cbr\u003eKyphosis can occur at any age although it is rare at birth.\u003cbr\u003eAdolescent kyphosis, also known as Scheuermann's disease, is caused by the wedging together of several bones of the spine (vertebrae) in a row.\u003cbr\u003eThe cause of Scheuermann's disease is unknown.\u003cbr\u003eIn adults, kyphosis can be caused by:\u003cbr\u003e1. Degenerative diseases of the spine (such as arthritis or disk degeneration)\u003cbr\u003e2. Fractures caused by osteoporosis (osteoporotic compression fractures)\u003cbr\u003e3. Injury (trauma)\u003cbr\u003e4. Slipping of one vertebra forward on another\u003cbr\u003eOther causes of kyphosis include:\u003cbr\u003e5. Certain endocrine diseases\u003cbr\u003e6. Connective tissue disorders\u003cbr\u003e7. Infection (such as tuberculosis)\u003cbr\u003e8. Muscular dystrophy\u003cbr\u003e9. Neurofibromatosis\u003cbr\u003e10. Paget's disease\u003cbr\u003e11. Polio\u003cbr\u003e12. Spina bifida\u003cbr\u003e13. Tumors\u003cbr\u003eKyphosis can also be seen with scoliosis.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Difficulty breathing (in severe cases)\u003cbr\u003e2. Fatigue\u003cbr\u003e3. Mild back pain\u003cbr\u003e4. Round back appearance\u003cbr\u003e5. Tenderness and stiffness in the spine\u003cbr\u003eThe doctor will also look for any:\u003cbr\u003e1. Nervous system (neurological) changes (weakness, paralysis, or changes in sensation) below the curve.\u003cbr\u003e2. Spine x-ray\u003cbr\u003e3. Pulmonary function tests (if kyphosis affects breathing)\u003cbr\u003e4. MRI (if there may be a tumor, infection, or neurological symptoms)\u003cbr\u003eCongenital kyphosis requires corrective surgery at an early age.\u003cbr\u003eScheuermann's disease is treated with a brace and physical therapy.\u003cbr\u003eOccasionally surgery is needed for large (greater than 60 degrees), painful curves.\u003cbr\u003eMultiple compression fractures from osteoporosis can be left alone if there are no nervous system problems or pain.\u003cbr\u003eHowever, the osteoporosis needs to be treated to help prevent future fractures\u003cbr\u003eComplications are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Decreased lung capacity\u003cbr\u003e2. Disabling back pain\u003cbr\u003e3. Neurological symptoms including leg weakness or paralysis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Kyphosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 More Facts of Kyphosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Treatment of Kyphosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Kyphoscoliosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Scoliosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Osteoporosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Costochondrosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Pectus Excavatum\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9 Pectus Carinatum\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47070421582064,"sku":"2940153756059","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940153756059_p0.jpg?v=1764054574","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940153756059","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}