{"product_id":"2940153794549","title":"Pectus Carinatum, (Pigeon Chest) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003ePectus carinatum or Pigeon Chest is a deformity of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs.\u003cbr\u003eIn this condition the sternum is raised (carina = keel).\u003cbr\u003eIt is a condition where there is a protrusion of the chest over the sternum often described as giving the person a bird-like appearance.\u003cbr\u003eIt is the opposite of pectus excavatum.\u003cbr\u003ePectus carinatum may occur as a single abnormality or in association with other genetic disorders or syndromes.\u003cbr\u003eThe condition causes the sternum to protrude with a narrow depression along the sides of the chest.\u003cbr\u003eThis gives the chest a bowed-out appearance similar to that of a pigeon.\u003cbr\u003ePeople with pectus carinatum generally develop normal hearts and lungs but the deformity may prevent these from functioning optimally.\u003cbr\u003eIt used to be associated with rickets.\u003cbr\u003eNowadays there is usually an associated history of severe asthma in childhood sometimes with a ventricular septal defect (VSD).\u003cbr\u003e20% of patients have an associated scoliosis.\u003cbr\u003eThere is some evidence that pectus carinatum may prevent complete expiration of air from the lungs in children.\u003cbr\u003eThese young people may have a decrease in stamina even if they do not realize it.\u003cbr\u003ePectus deformities can have a significant psychological impact on the children.\u003cbr\u003eSome children live happily with pectus carinatum especially if it is mild.\u003cbr\u003eFor others the shape of the chest can damage their self-esteem and self-confidence possibly affecting social communication with others.\u003cbr\u003eThe most common cause for pectus carinatum seems to be in the 11-14 year old pubertal male who is undergoing a growth spurt\u003cbr\u003eThe second most common is from birth.\u003cbr\u003eIt is evident in newborns as a rounded chest and as they reach 2 or 3 years old the sternum begins to grow outwardly even more.\u003cbr\u003eThe least common way is post surgically after open heart surgery.\u003cbr\u003eSome patients develop a rigid chest wall resulting in reduced vital capacity and symptoms of:\u003cbr\u003e1. Dyspnea,\u003cbr\u003e2. Exertional tachypnea\u003cbr\u003e3. Reduced endurance\u003cbr\u003ePhysical examination can diagnose the condition.\u003cbr\u003eElectrocardiography and echocardiography may be needed to rule out cardiac abnormalities and assess cardiac function.\u003cbr\u003ePulmonary function testing may be useful to determine the impact of the deformity on the performance of the heart and lungs.\u003cbr\u003eCT scanning may be helpful\u003cbr\u003eMany patients have a mild deformity with no associated morbidity requiring treatment.\u003cbr\u003eA brace may be used to treat children and young adolescents by suppressing the growth of the protrusion.\u003cbr\u003eIf there is significant pulmonary or cardiac dysfunction, open surgical repair is performed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Pectus Carinatum\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 More Facts of Pectus Carinatum\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Treatment of Pectus Carinatum\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Kyphoscoliosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Scoliosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Kyphosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Costochondrosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Pectus Excavatum\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47082212032752,"sku":"2940153794549","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940153794549_p0.jpg?v=1764055381","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940153794549","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}