{"product_id":"2940153798271","title":"Cholecystitis And Gallstones, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eCholecystitis is a medical disorder caused by acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder.\u003cbr\u003eAcute cholecystitis is an acute inflammation of the gallbladder that causes severe abdominal pain.\u003cbr\u003eAcute cholecystitis happens when bile becomes trapped in the gallbladder.\u003cbr\u003eThe collection of trapped bile produces irritation and pressure in the gallbladder.\u003cbr\u003eThis can result in infection and a hole (perforation) in the gallbladder.\u003cbr\u003eIn 90% of cases, acute cholecystitis is induced by gallstones in the gallbladder\u003cbr\u003eChronic cholecystitis induces irritation and swelling of the gallbladder that continues over time.\u003cbr\u003eThe causes of acute cholecystitis can be classified into two main categories:\u003cbr\u003eCalculous cholecystitis is the most frequent and normally less serious type of acute cholecystitis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is responsible for around 95% of all cases.\u003cbr\u003eCalculous cholecystitis occurs when the main opening to the gallbladder, called the cystic duct, becomes blocked by a gallstone or by a substance known as biliary sludge.\u003cbr\u003eBiliary sludge is a combination of bile (produced by the liver that digests fats) and small crystals of cholesterol and salt.\u003cbr\u003eThe blockage in the cystic duct leads from a build-up of bile in the gallbladder, raising the pressure inside it and causing it to become inflamed.\u003cbr\u003eAcalculous cholecystitis is often linked with problems such as accidental injury to the gallbladder during major surgery, blood poisoning (sepsis), serious damages or burns, severe malnutrition\u003cbr\u003eThe main symptom is pain in the upper right quadrant or upper middle part of the abdomen.\u003cbr\u003e1. Slow onset of abdominal pain starting from the epigastrium, radiating to the right sub costal area, may be palpated in the back at the sub-scapular region that normally lasts at least 30 minutes.\u003cbr\u003e2. Nausea and vomiting\u003cbr\u003e3. Loss of appetite\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis can normally be made by:\u003cbr\u003ePhysical examination with a positive Murphy's sign.\u003cbr\u003eThe affected upper right part of the abdomen is normally extremely tender, and breathing deeply can make the pain worse.\u003cbr\u003eUltrasound is highly reliable in showing up the presence of gallstones\u003cbr\u003eCT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan can help to diagnose the cholecystitis.\u003cbr\u003eIntravenous, transhepatic and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography are more accurate in diagnosing the gallbladder function and stones\u003cbr\u003eThe initial treatment will normally involve:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Fasting (not eating or drinking) to take the strain off the gallbladder\u003cbr\u003e2. Receiving fluids through a drip directly into a vein (intravenously) to prevent dehydration\u003cbr\u003e3. Taking medication to relieve the pain\u003cbr\u003e4. If the patient has a suspected infection, he or she will also be given antibiotics.\u003cbr\u003eSurgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is normally needed when gallstones are present.\u003cbr\u003eGallstones consist of small cholesterol stones, normally made with cholesterol, that form in the gallbladder which is a sac that store bile from the liver.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Cholecystitis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Gallstones\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Cholangitis\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47076242751728,"sku":"2940153798271","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940153798271_p0.jpg?v=1764060920","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940153798271","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}