{"product_id":"2940153891958","title":"Hallux Valgus (Bunion), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eHallux Valgus (Bunion) is the medical disorder that cause deformity of the big toe metatarsopharyngeal (MTP) joint in which there is medial enlargement and lateral deviation of the big toe.\u003cbr\u003eThis is normally linked with bony and connective tissue enlargement of the medial aspect of the first metatarsal head that is called the bunion.\u003cbr\u003eA hallus valgus (bunion) forms when the big toe points toward the second toe.\u003cbr\u003eThis produces a bump to occur on the inside edge of the toe.\u003cbr\u003eThe source is lateral deviation of the great toe so as to put a valgus deformity on the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint.\u003cbr\u003eA deviation of 15-20° is regarded abnormal.\u003cbr\u003eThis deviation affects the biomechanics of the foot.\u003cbr\u003eIt may induce subluxation of the first MTP joint and the big toe may even cover the second toe.\u003cbr\u003eLateral subluxation induces a prominence on the metatarsal head (bunion) often followed by the formation of a fluid-filled bursa.\u003cbr\u003eThis becomes painful as it scrapes against the shoe.\u003cbr\u003eShoe wear does not cause hallux valgus.\u003cbr\u003eHallux valgus can happen as a result of:\u003cbr\u003e1. Heredity\u003cbr\u003ePeople born with abnormal bones in their feet are more prone to form a bunion.\u003cbr\u003e2. Flat foot (pes planus)\u003cbr\u003e3. Metatarsal primus varus\u003cbr\u003e4. Hyper mobile first metatarsal cuneiform joints\u003cbr\u003e5. Abnormal length of first metatarsal\u003cbr\u003eTight shoes can produce pain and nerve entrapment in link with hallux valgus.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms:\u003cbr\u003e1. Normal inter-metatarsal angle (the angle between the first and second metatarsals is 9 degrees or less).\u003cbr\u003eThe normal first MTP joint angle is less than 15 degrees.\u003cbr\u003e2. Any increase of 15 degrees angle is regarded as lateral deviation of the first metatarsopharygeal joint.\u003cbr\u003e3. The big toe is turned inwards towards the second inducing a medial protrusion of the MTP joint called a bunion which can become inflamed and tender.\u003cbr\u003e4. There is red, thickened skin along the inside edge of the big toe forming a bony bump at this location.\u003cbr\u003e5. In severe cases the first toe can overlap the second toe or the second toe may cover the in-turned big toe. The big toe is turned toward the other toes and may cross over the second toe\u003cbr\u003eX-rays reveal the presence of lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx and the presence of a medial exotosis.\u003cbr\u003eWhen a bunion first starts to form, good care of the feet should be taken.\u003cbr\u003eWide-toed shoes should be worn.\u003cbr\u003eThis can often resolve the pain and avoid the patient from requiring more treatment.\u003cbr\u003eThe felt or foam pads on the foot are used to protect the bunion, or devices called spacers to separate the first and second toes.\u003cbr\u003eCutting a hole in a pair of old, comfortable shoes to wear around the house helps.\u003cbr\u003eIf the hallux valgus worsens and more painful, the surgery may help to realign the toe and remove the bony bump (bunionectomy).\u003cbr\u003eThe result of conservative treatment is so poor that surgery may be a useful method of treatment.\u003cbr\u003eSurgery may be delayed without an adverse effect on the final outcome, even though pain and patient satisfaction are reduced with early surgery.\u003cbr\u003eThe simplest way is the removal of the bony prominence (exostectomy).\u003cbr\u003eOtherwise, Keller's arthroplasty affects producing a flexible joint by removal of the medial part of the metatarsal head together with some of the proximal phalanx.\u003cbr\u003eArthrodesis of the joint may be done.\u003cbr\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Hallux Valgus\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Overlapping Small Toe\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Hammertoes\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47103410241776,"sku":"2940153891958","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940153891958_p0.jpg?v=1764060008","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940153891958","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}