{"product_id":"2940153971940","title":"Mitral Valve Stenosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eMitral Stenosis is a condition in which the valve does not open fully causing restriction of blood flow\u003cbr\u003eMitral stenosis means that the valve cannot open enough.\u003cbr\u003eAs a result less blood flows to the body.\u003cbr\u003eThe upper heart chamber swells as pressure builds up.\u003cbr\u003eBlood and fluid may then collect in the lung tissue (pulmonary edema) making it hard to breathe.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Cough\u003cbr\u003e2. Shortness of breath\u003cbr\u003e3. Poor feeding or sweating when feeding\u003cbr\u003e4. Poor growth\u003cbr\u003eSigns:\u003cbr\u003e1. Malar flush on the cheeks.\u003cbr\u003e2. Laterally displaced apex beat.\u003cbr\u003e3. Right ventricular heave.\u003cbr\u003e4. Loud first heart sound with an opening snap in early diastole.\u003cbr\u003e5. A mid-late diastolic murmur, best heard, with the patient in the left lateral position, with the bell of the stethoscope.\u003cbr\u003e6. Signs of right ventricular failure including\u003cbr\u003ea. Hepatomegaly,\u003cbr\u003eb. Lung congestion\u003cbr\u003ec. Ascites\u003cbr\u003ed. Peripheral edema.\u003cbr\u003eChest x-ray and CT scan may show left atrial enlargement and interstitial edema with Mitral valve calcification\u003cbr\u003eECG (electrocardiogram)\u003cbr\u003e1. Left atrial hypertrophy:\u003cbr\u003ea. P mitrale - increased voltage in the later part of the P wave gives it a large, bifid appearance in leads II, III and aVF\u003cbr\u003eb. The second half of the P wave is negative in V1\u003cbr\u003ec. Atrial fibrillation is present in 60 to 70%\u003cbr\u003e2. Right ventricular hypertrophy:\u003cbr\u003ea. A dominant R wave in V1 and V2 indicates pulmonary hypertension\u003cbr\u003eb. Right axis deviation\u003cbr\u003eTreatment\u003cbr\u003ePeople with mild symptoms or none at all may not need treatment.\u003cbr\u003eFor severe symptoms, diagnosis and treatment may be done at the heart specialist clinic.\u003cbr\u003eA. Medicines:\u003cbr\u003eMedications are used to treat:\u003cbr\u003e1. Symptoms of heart failure\u003cbr\u003ea. Diuretics (water pills),\u003cbr\u003e2. Abnormal heart rhythms (most commonly atrial fibrillation)\u003cbr\u003ea. Beta-blockers,\u003cbr\u003eb. Digoxin.\u003cbr\u003e3. High blood pressure\u003cbr\u003ea. Calcium channel blockers,\u003cbr\u003eb. ACE inhibitors,\u003cbr\u003ec. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)\u003cbr\u003e4. Prevent blood clots.\u003cbr\u003eAnticoagulants (blood thinners) are used to prevent blood clots from forming and traveling to other parts of the body.\u003cbr\u003e5. Prevent infection\u003cbr\u003ePeople who have had rheumatic fever may need long-term preventive treatment with penicillin.\u003cbr\u003eHeart Surgical procedures to treat mitral stenosis.\u003cbr\u003e1. Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy (also called valvuloplasty) may be tried instead of surgery in people with a less damaged mitral valve.\u003cbr\u003eDuring this procedure, a tube is inserted into a vein, usually in the leg.\u003cbr\u003eIt is threaded up into the heart.\u003cbr\u003eA balloon on the tip of the catheter is inflated widening the mitral valve and improving blood flow.\u003cbr\u003e2. Repair or replacement of the mitral valve.\u003cbr\u003eReplacement valves can be made from different materials\u003cbr\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Mitral Stenosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 More Facts about Mitral Stenosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Treatment of Mitral Stenosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Heart Valve Diseases\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Mitral Regurgitation\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Aortic Stenosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Pulmonary Stenosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Tricuspid Stenosis\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47070532665584,"sku":"2940153971940","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940153971940_p0.jpg?v=1764060761","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940153971940","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}