{"product_id":"2940154041802","title":"Tics (Involuntary Body Movements) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eTics are abrupt, purposeless, and involuntary vocal sounds or muscular jerks.\u003cbr\u003eTics are fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds.\u003cbr\u003eThey are fairly common in childhood and typically first appear at around five years of age.\u003cbr\u003eVery occasionally they can start in adulthood.\u003cbr\u003eTics are not normally serious and usually improve over time.\u003cbr\u003eBut they can be frustrating and interfere with everyday activities.\u003cbr\u003eThe cause of tics is not clearly known.\u003cbr\u003eThey are thought to be due to changes in the parts of the brain that control movement.\u003cbr\u003eThe basal ganglia are a group of specialized brain cells located deep inside the brain.\u003cbr\u003eThe cells help to control the body's movements.\u003cbr\u003eIn people with Tic disorders, it appears tics are the result of a temporary problem occurring inside the basal ganglia (brain cells group) which disrupts the decision-making process.\u003cbr\u003eThe person abruptly decides to have an involuntary urge to do a movement (the tic) that the conscious mind considers as both unwanted and unexplained.\u003cbr\u003ePossible triggers\u003cbr\u003eGenetics appears to play a part in some cases of Tics in Tic disorders, as it often runs in families.\u003cbr\u003eAnother theory is Tic formation may be linked to a childhood infection by streptococcal bacteria (bacteria that usually cause a sore throat).\u003cbr\u003eIn an attempt to fight off the infection, the immune system forms antibodies (proteins).\u003cbr\u003eThe antibodies may react with brain tissue, involving the brain's functioning.\u003cbr\u003eTypes of tics\u003cbr\u003e1. Vocal (sounds) – such as grunting, coughing or shouting out words\u003cbr\u003e2. Physical (movements) – such as jerking of the head or jumping up and down\u003cbr\u003eThey can also be:\u003cbr\u003e1. Simple – making a small movement or uttering a single sound\u003cbr\u003e2. Complex – making a series of physical movements or speaking a long phrase\u003cbr\u003eMost people diagnosed with Tic disorders have a combination of physical and vocal tics, which can be both simple and complex.\u003cbr\u003e1. Blinking, wrinkling the nose or grimacing\u003cbr\u003e2. Jerking or banging the head\u003cbr\u003e3. Clicking the fingers\u003cbr\u003e4. Touching other people or things\u003cbr\u003e5. Coughing, grunting or sniffing\u003cbr\u003e6. Repeating a sound or phrase\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis can be obtained from the patient's history or getting the patient to bring a home video to show their behavior.\u003cbr\u003eThere is no cure for Tics, but treatment can help to control the symptoms.\u003cbr\u003eTreatment is not always needed if a tic is mild and is not causing any other problems.\u003cbr\u003eIf a tic is more serious and can affect everyday activities, treatments that are directed to reduce how often tics occur may be advised.\u003cbr\u003eBehavioral therapy\u003cbr\u003e1. Habit reversal therapy – this aims to help the patient learn intentional movements that \"compete\" with tics, so the tic cannot happen at the same time.\u003cbr\u003e2. Exposure with response prevention (ERP) – this aims to help the patient get used to the unpleasant sensations that are often felt just before a tic, which can stop the tic occurring\u003cbr\u003eMedicine\u003cbr\u003eAlpha2-adrenergic agonists are normally recommended for treatment of mild to moderate symptoms of Tic disorders such as Clonidine\u003cbr\u003eMuscle relaxants have been shown to be effective in helping control tics, particularly physical tics.\u003cbr\u003eBaclofen and clonazepam are two muscle relaxants that are sometimes used to treat Tic disorders.\u003cbr\u003eDopamine antagonists are the most successful form of medicine for the prevention of tics.\u003cbr\u003eBut they can cause a wide range of side effects.\u003cbr\u003eSurgery is normally regarded as a 'treatment of last resort' for people with severe Tic disorders that has not reacted to other treatments.\u003cbr\u003eDeep brain stimulation (DBS) requires permanent implantation of small electrodes\u003cbr\u003eBy stimulating certain areas of the brain the symptoms of Tic disorders can often be controlled.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Tics\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Tourette Syndrome\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Seizures\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47074763669744,"sku":"2940154041802","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154041802_p0.jpg?v=1764062771","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154041802","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}