{"product_id":"2940154135662","title":"Klinefelter Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eKlinefelter Syndrome is an inherited disorder of the sex chromosome in which an extra X chromosome is present (XXY)\u003cbr\u003eKlinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder that happens in males with an extra X chromosome.\u003cbr\u003eIt happens in males and is linked with hypo-gonads and infertility.\u003cbr\u003eKlinefelter syndrome happens in about 1 out of 500 to 1,000 baby boys.\u003cbr\u003eCause\u003cbr\u003eNormal people have 46 chromosomes.\u003cbr\u003eChromosomes hold all of the genes and DNA, the building blocks of the body.\u003cbr\u003eThe 2 sex chromosomes (X and Y) decide if the baby becomes a boy or a girl.\u003cbr\u003eGirls normally have 2 X chromosomes.\u003cbr\u003eBoys normally have 1 X and 1 Y chromosome.\u003cbr\u003eKlinefelter syndrome occurs when a boy is born with at least 1 extra X chromosome.\u003cbr\u003eNormally, this happens due to 1 extra X chromosome.\u003cbr\u003eThis is recorded as XXY.\u003cbr\u003eThe testis formation is involved leading to hypo-gonadism and low testosterone secretion.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms may be:\u003cbr\u003e1. Disproportionate body appearances (long legs, short trunk, shoulder equal to hip size)\u003cbr\u003e2. Abnormally large breasts in boys (gynecomastia) in 50 per cent\u003cbr\u003e3. Infertility\u003cbr\u003e4. Sexual problems - Sexual desire and ability to have erections impaired\u003cbr\u003e5. Penis is small\u003cbr\u003e6. Testes are small, insensitive and firmer than usual\u003cbr\u003e7. Less than normal amount of pubic, armpit, and facial hair\u003cbr\u003e8. Tall height\u003cbr\u003e9. Weaker muscles\u003cbr\u003e10. Language learning or reading impairment may be present\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis of Klinefelter Syndrome is often based on\u003cbr\u003e1. Medical examination of appearance\u003cbr\u003e2. Buccal smear for cells to test for chromosones\u003cbr\u003e3. Karyotyping (checking the chromosomes)\u003cbr\u003e4. Semen count\u003cbr\u003eBlood tests will be done to check hormone levels such as:\u003cbr\u003e5. Blood test for testosterone (low),\u003cbr\u003e6. Blood follicle stimulating hormone (raised),\u003cbr\u003e7. Blood luteinizing hormones (raised or normal)\u003cbr\u003e8. Blood estradiol, a type of estrogen (raised)\u003cbr\u003e9. Urinary gonadotropins are raised due to abnormal Leydig cell function\u003cbr\u003eTreatment should focus on 3 major facets of the syndrome:\u003cbr\u003e1. Hypo-gonadism,\u003cbr\u003e2. Gynecomastia, and\u003cbr\u003e3. Psychosocial problems\u003cbr\u003e1. Male hormone treatment (testosterone) can help:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea. Grow body hair\u003cbr\u003eb. Improve appearance of muscles\u003cbr\u003ec. Improve concentration\u003cbr\u003ed. Improve mood and self esteem\u003cbr\u003ee. Increase energy and sex drive\u003cbr\u003ef. Increase strength\u003cbr\u003eIn most cases testosterone is started at puberty, around age 12 years\u003cbr\u003eRegular testosterone injections can also:\u003cbr\u003ea. Increase strength and facial hair growth;\u003cbr\u003eb. Improve a more muscular body type;\u003cbr\u003ec. Raise sexual desire;\u003cbr\u003ed. Enlarge the testes;\u003cbr\u003ee. Improve mood, self-image, and behavior; and\u003cbr\u003ef. Protect against precocious osteoporosis.\u003cbr\u003eTestosterone therapy does not treat infertility or gynecomastia\u003cbr\u003eSpeech, physical and behavioral therapy helps.\u003cbr\u003ePhysical therapy is advised for boys with hypo-tonia or delayed gross motor skills that may involve muscle tone, balance, and coordination.\u003cbr\u003eOccupational therapy is advised in boys with motor dyspraxia (a developmental disorder of the brain in childhood causing difficulty in activities requiring coordination and movement).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Klinefelter Syndrome\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Lynch Syndrome\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Marfan Syndrome\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47103623430384,"sku":"2940154135662","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154135662_p0.jpg?v=1764064934","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154135662","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}