{"product_id":"2940154444672","title":"Fanconi Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eFanconi syndrome is a medical disorder of the tubes of the kidney in which some substances normally re-absorbed into the bloodstream by the kidneys are excreted into the urine instead.\u003cbr\u003eFanconi syndrome indicates the generalized poor function of the kidney’s proximal tubules, not the other nephron segments\u003cbr\u003eFanconi syndrome results in:\u003cbr\u003e1. Aminoaciduria,\u003cbr\u003e2. Glycosuria,\u003cbr\u003e3. Phosphaturia,\u003cbr\u003e4. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 2 (proximal),\u003cbr\u003e5. Hypophosphatemic rickets (children) or osteomalacia (adults),\u003cbr\u003e6. Renal glycosuria\u003cbr\u003eIt may be inherited or acquired:\u003cbr\u003eInherited\u003cbr\u003e1. Primary idiopathic:\u003cbr\u003ea. Sporadic or familial (autosomal dominant - chromosome 15).\u003cbr\u003eThis occurs in the absence of any identifiable reason, and most cases are sporadic.\u003cbr\u003eSome cases are genetic, but the mode of inheritance appears to be variable (autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, X-linked).\u003cbr\u003e2. Secondary:\u003cbr\u003ea. Cystinosis, tyrosinaemia,\u003cbr\u003eb. Wilson's disease,\u003cbr\u003ec. Lowe's syndrome (oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome: bilateral congenital cataracts, glaucoma, general hypotonia, hyporeflexia, severe learning disability and Fanconi syndrome),\u003cbr\u003ed. Galactosemia,\u003cbr\u003ee. Fructose intolerance,\u003cbr\u003ef. Glycogen storage disorders and\u003cbr\u003eg. Mitochondrial cytopathies.\u003cbr\u003eAcquired\u003cbr\u003e1. Intrinsic renal disease:\u003cbr\u003ea. Acute tubular necrosis,\u003cbr\u003eb. Interstitial nephritis,\u003cbr\u003ec. Hypokalemic nephropathy,\u003cbr\u003ed. Myeloma,\u003cbr\u003ee. Amyloidosis,\u003cbr\u003ef. Sjogren's syndrome,\u003cbr\u003eg. Rejected transplant.\u003cbr\u003e2. Hyperparathyroidism.\u003cbr\u003e3. Drugs - e.g., cisplatin, ifosfamide, sodium valproate, tenofovir, aminoglycoside antibiotics and deferasirox\u003cbr\u003e4. Toxins:\u003cbr\u003ea. Glue sniffing,\u003cbr\u003eb. Heavy metals,\u003cbr\u003ec. Bee stings\u003cbr\u003eCauses\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFanconi syndrome can be caused by faulty genes or it may occur later in life due to kidney damage.\u003cbr\u003eFanconi syndrome is caused by many predominantly rare causes.\u003cbr\u003eThe most frequent causes of Fanconi syndrome in children are genetic defects that entail the body's capability to break down some substances such as:\u003cbr\u003e1. Cystine (cystinosis)\u003cbr\u003e2. Fructose (fructose intolerance)\u003cbr\u003e3. Galactose (galactosemia)\u003cbr\u003e4. Glycogen (glycogen storage disease)\u003cbr\u003eOther causes in children are:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Exposure to heavy metals such as lead, mercury, or cadmium\u003cbr\u003e2. Lowe syndrome,\u003cbr\u003e3. Wilson disease\u003cbr\u003eIn adults, Fanconi syndrome can be caused by a range of things that damage the kidneys, such as:\u003cbr\u003e1. Certain medicines, such as azathioprine, cidofovir, gentamicin, and tetracycline\u003cbr\u003e2. Kidney transplant\u003cbr\u003e3. Light chain deposition disease\u003cbr\u003e4. Multiple myeloma\u003cbr\u003e5. Primary amyloidosis\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms\u003cbr\u003e1. Polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration\u003cbr\u003e2. Bone deformities\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis\u003cbr\u003eThe diagnosis is based on too much loss of substances in the urine (e.g., amino acids, glucose, phosphate, bicarbonate) in the absence of high plasma concentrations\u003cbr\u003eFurther tests are needed to identify the cause.\u003cbr\u003e1. Proteinuria: normally, only in small amounts.\u003cbr\u003e2. Hypo-kalemia, hypo-phosphatemia and hyper-chloremic metabolic acidosis\u003cbr\u003eFurther tests and a physical examination may show signs of:\u003cbr\u003e1. Dehydration due to excess urination\u003cbr\u003e2. Growth failure\u003cbr\u003e3. Osteomalacia\u003cbr\u003e4. Rickets\u003cbr\u003e5. Type 2 renal tubular acidosis\u003cbr\u003eTreatment\u003cbr\u003eTreatment mainly comprises of the replacement of substances lost in the urine and specific treatment for the underlying cause.\u003cbr\u003eTreatments of the underlying cause are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Alkali and potassium for RTA (renal tubular acidosis), phosphate and calcitriol for phosphate wasting.\u003cbr\u003e2. Dehydration due to polyuria\u003cbr\u003e3. Metabolic acidosis due to the loss of bicarbonate\u003cbr\u003e4. Thiazide diuretic: may be essential to prevent volume expansion\u003cbr\u003e5. Correction of metabolic acidosis\u003cbr\u003e6. Phosphate and vitamin D supplementation\u003cbr\u003eRenal losses of glucose, amino acids, and uric acid are not normally symptomatic and do not need replacement.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Fanconi Syndrome\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Glomerulonephritis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Renal Failure\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47103542526192,"sku":"2940154444672","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154444672_p0.jpg?v=1764067763","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154444672","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}