{"product_id":"2940154453636","title":"Pancytopenia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003ePancytopenia is a deficiency of all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.\u003cbr\u003e1. Anemia: hemoglobin \u0026lt; 13.5 g\/dL (male) or 12 g\/dL (female).\u003cbr\u003e2. Leukopenia: total white cell count \u0026lt; 4.0 x 109\/L. Decrease in all types of white blood cells (revealed by doing a differential count).\u003cbr\u003e3. Thrombocytopenia: platelet count \u0026lt; 150×109\/L.\u003cbr\u003eThe disease is marked by a poor appropriate and effective T cell activation that results in a raised hemophagocytic activity.\u003cbr\u003eThe T cell activated macrophages enclose erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and their progenitor cells.\u003cbr\u003eSuch finding is frequent in the syndrome, which is also referred to as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).\u003cbr\u003eTogether with pancytopenia, HLH is characterized by fever, splenomegaly, and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, liver, or lymph nodes.\u003cbr\u003eIt happens when the body cannot produce enough blood cells because the bone marrow stem cells that develop blood cells do not function normally.\u003cbr\u003ePancytopenia has general effects on the entire body by leading to oxygen shortage as well as disorders with immune function.\u003cbr\u003eAplastic anemia is a medical disease that indicates a reduction in production of all types of blood cells (pancytopenia) but the cells seen are normal in blood film and bone marrow.\u003cbr\u003eBlood cancers like leukemia may show reduction in production of all types of blood cells (pancytopenia) but the cells seen are blast cells in the blood film or bone marrow.\u003cbr\u003eThe difference between pancytopenia and aplastic anemia is that pancytopenia is a blood finding while aplastic anemia is a disease showing pancytopenia but the cells seen are normal in blood film and bone marrow.\u003cbr\u003ePancytopenia happens in two forms:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Idiopathic, in which the cause is not identified\u003cbr\u003eAbout 50% of all pancytopenia cases are idiopathic.\u003cbr\u003e2. Secondary, often is caused by environmental factors such as medicines, toxins and cancer treatment.\u003cbr\u003eCancers by itself can cause pancytopenia but there are also blast cells in the blood and bone marrow\u003cbr\u003ePancytopenia may form slowly over time or suddenly, and it can continue in a range of ways.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms of pancytopenia can be bleeding, easy bruising, fatigue, shortness of breath, and weakness.\u003cbr\u003eThe reduction in white blood cells, which are affected in the body’s defense, or immune, system, also results in a higher risk of infection.\u003cbr\u003eThe disorder is normally diagnosed by a blood test to check any decrease in blood cell count.\u003cbr\u003eA biopsy of the bone marrow is also done to make sure that the symptoms are not occurring from any other disorder like leukemia, anemia or thrombocytopenia\u003cbr\u003eTreatment:\u003cbr\u003e1. In very mild cases of pancytopenia, treatment may not be needed.\u003cbr\u003e2. In moderate cases, blood transfusions may help recover blood cell counts;\u003cbr\u003eThe blood transfusions may become less effective over time.\u003cbr\u003e3. In severe cases, treatments such as bone marrow transplant and stem cell therapy may be needed to recover the ability of bone marrow to produce blood cells.\u003cbr\u003eSuch treatments are normally effective in younger patients, but older patients may also need the use of immunosuppressant drugs or drugs that stimulate the bone marrow.\u003cbr\u003eIn cases linked to environmental factors, pancytopenia may recover on its own when the precipitating factor is eliminated or the underlying disorder is treated.\u003cbr\u003eDrugs that activate bone marrow function are given:\u003cbr\u003e1. Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit)\u003cbr\u003e2. Filgrastim (Neupogen)\u003cbr\u003eIf the immune system is indicated of attacking bone marrow, immunosuppressant drugs may be given:\u003cbr\u003e1. Antithymocyte antibodies (Thymoglobulin), which suppress the body’s natural immune response\u003cbr\u003e2. Corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol)\u003cbr\u003e3. Cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Pancytopenia\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Anemia\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Aplastic Anemia\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47074853650672,"sku":"2940154453636","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154453636_p0.jpg?v=1764068642","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154453636","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}