{"product_id":"2940154487358","title":"Hypocalcemia, (Low Blood Calcium) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eHypocalcemia is a frequent biochemical disorder that can vary in severity from being asymptomatic in mild cases to presenting as an acute life-threatening crisis.\u003cbr\u003eHypocalcemia is too low calcium (below 8.4 mg\/dL or 2.25 mmol\/L) in the blood.\u003cbr\u003eNormal blood Calcium varies from 8.4 to 10.4 mg\/dL (2.25-2.6 mmol\/L) controlled by 3 main calcium-regulating hormones (parathyroid hormone –PTH, vitamin D, and calcitonin) through their specific effects on the bowel, kidneys, and skeleton.\u003cbr\u003eCalcium and phosphate are interrelated both controlled by the parathyroid hormones and Vitamin D which control the calcium and phosphate exchange between the blood and 3 systems in the body:\u003cbr\u003e1. Skeletal\u003cbr\u003e2. Gastrointestinal\u003cbr\u003e3. Renal\u003cbr\u003eParathyroid hormones work mainly on the bones and kidney to raise the blood calcium and increase the phosphate excretion.\u003cbr\u003eVitamin D raises the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.\u003cbr\u003eAbout 50% of the total serum calcium is attached to protein, and the remaining free ionized calcium is physiologically active.\u003cbr\u003eSerum calcium levels must be corrected for the blood albumin value before confirming the diagnosis of hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia.\u003cbr\u003eHypocalcemia (corrected serum total calcium level \u0026lt; 2.12 mmol\/L) is most often a result of vitamin D inadequacy or hypoparathyroidism, or a resistance to these hormones\u003cbr\u003eLow calcium levels have also been linked with many drugs such as cisplatin, antiepileptics, aminoglycosides, diuretics, bisphosphonates and proton pump inhibitors; there are other causes.\u003cbr\u003eCalcium is a vital mineral, used by the body to build strong bones and teeth.\u003cbr\u003eCalcium is also needed for the heart and other muscles to function properly.\u003cbr\u003eWhen a person does not get enough calcium, he or she raises the risk of forming disorders like osteoporosis, osteopenia, and calcium deficiency disease (hypocalcemia).\u003cbr\u003eChildren who do not get enough calcium may not develop to their full potential adult height.\u003cbr\u003eThis low calcium may be due to a variety of factors, such as:\u003cbr\u003e1. Poor calcium intake over a long period of time, especially in childhood\u003cbr\u003e2. Medicines that may decrease calcium absorption\u003cbr\u003e3. Dietary intolerance to foods rich in calcium\u003cbr\u003e4. Hormonal changes, particularly in women\u003cbr\u003e5. Certain genetic factors\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms:\u003cbr\u003e1. Confusion or memory loss\u003cbr\u003e2. Muscle spasms\u003cbr\u003e3. Numbness and tingling in the hands, feet, and face\u003cbr\u003e4. Depression\u003cbr\u003e5. Hallucinations\u003cbr\u003e6. Muscle cramps\u003cbr\u003e7. Weak and brittle nails\u003cbr\u003e8. Easy fracturing of the bones\u003cbr\u003eSigns:\u003cbr\u003e1. Chvostek's sign\u003cbr\u003e2. Trousseau's sign\u003cbr\u003e3. Seizures.\u003cbr\u003e4. Prolonged QT interval\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis is by:\u003cbr\u003eBlood for the corrected calcium level or ionized calcium level\u003cbr\u003eTreatment:\u003cbr\u003eThe patient is treated where symptoms (seizures, tetany) are present or there is a high risk of complications with a serum calcium\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47070765580528,"sku":"2940154487358","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154487358_p0.jpg?v=1764069759","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154487358","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}