{"product_id":"2940154498187","title":"Undescended Testis, (Cryptorchidism) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eUndescended Testis or Cryptorchidism is the medical disorder where there is incomplete or improper descent of one or both testes through the tunnel which leads the spermatic duct from the abdomen to the testis.\u003cbr\u003eUndescended testis happens when one or both testes did not enter the scrotum before birth\u003cbr\u003eCauses of Undescended Testis\u003cbr\u003e1. Normally the testes in the fetus are in the abdomen and make their way to the inguinal canal by the 23rd week of pregnancy and enter the scrotum by the 39th week of pregnancy.\u003cbr\u003eMost of the time, a boy’s testicles descend by the time he is 9 months old.\u003cbr\u003eUndescended testicles or Cryptorchidism are fairly common in infants who are born early.\u003cbr\u003eThe problem happens less frequently in full-term babies.\u003cbr\u003eSome infants have retractile testes and the doctor may not be able find the testes.\u003cbr\u003eIn this case, the testis is normal but has been pulled back out of the scrotum by a muscle reflex.\u003cbr\u003eThis is able to happen because the testes are still of small size prior to puberty.\u003cbr\u003eThe testicles will descend normally at puberty and surgery is not required.\u003cbr\u003eTestes that do not normally go down into the scrotum are considered abnormal.\u003cbr\u003eAn undescended testis tends to form cancer, even if it enters into the scrotum with surgery.\u003cbr\u003eCancer is also more likely in the other testis.\u003cbr\u003eOperation to bring the testis inside the scrotum can improve sperm production and increase the chances of good fertility.\u003cbr\u003eIt also allows the doctor to do an exam for the early detection of cancer.\u003cbr\u003eIn other cases, no testis may be found, even with the surgery.\u003cbr\u003eThis may be because of a problem that occurred while the baby was still developing before birth.\u003cbr\u003eThis is able to occur because the testicles are still small before puberty.\u003cbr\u003eThe testicles will descend normally at puberty and surgical intervention is not required.\u003cbr\u003eTestes that do not normally enter the scrotum are regarded as not normal.\u003cbr\u003eGetting the testis into the scrotum can improve sperm production and raise the possibilities of higher fertilization.\u003cbr\u003eIt also permits the doctor to do an exam for the early detection of cancer.\u003cbr\u003eIn other patients, no testis may be detected even with surgical intervention.\u003cbr\u003eThis may be due to a problem that occurred while the baby was still developing before birth.\u003cbr\u003e2. Sometimes one or rarely both testes fail to enter the scrotum before birth.\u003cbr\u003eThey may remain in the abdomen or may be not fully descended to the scrotum at birth.\u003cbr\u003e3. The undescended testes can either be normal or dysplastic (cells may turn abnormal)\u003cbr\u003e4. Intra-abdominal testes may be unable to produce sperm and also susceptible to malignant change.\u003cbr\u003e5. Testis situated outside the usual course of descent is termed ectopic.\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis of Undescended Testis\u003cbr\u003eAll male babies at birth are examined at birth to determine whether their testes have descended into the scrotum normally.\u003cbr\u003eMost of the time there are no symptoms other than the absence of the testicle in the scrotum.\u003cbr\u003eThis is called an empty scrotum.\u003cbr\u003eThe doctor may or may not be able to feel the undescended testicle in the abdominal lining above the scrotum.\u003cbr\u003eImaging studies including an ultrasound or CT scan may be done.\u003cbr\u003eTreatment of Undescended Testis\u003cbr\u003eIn most cases, the testicle will descend without treatment during the child’s first year.\u003cbr\u003eIf this does not occur, treatment may include:\u003cbr\u003e1. Hormone injections (B-HCG or testosterone) to try to bring the testicle into the scrotum\u003cbr\u003e2. Surgery (orchiopexy) to bring the testicle into the scrotum\u003cbr\u003eThis is the main treatment.\u003cbr\u003eHaving surgery early may prevent injury to the testes that can produce infertility.\u003cbr\u003eAn undescended testicle that is found later in life may need to be removed because the testis tends to function poorly and could pose a risk for cancer.\u003cbr\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Undescended Testis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Cause\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Varicocele\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Buried Penis\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47111611875568,"sku":"2940154498187","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154498187_p0.jpg?v=1764069297","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154498187","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}