{"product_id":"2940154521694","title":"Anal Abscess And Fistula, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn anal abscess is an infected cavity filled with pus found near the anus or rectum.\u003cbr\u003eNinety percent of abscesses are the result of an acute infection in the internal glands of the anus.\u003cbr\u003eOccasionally, bacteria, fecal material or foreign matter can clog an anal gland and tunnel into the tissue around the anus or rectum, where it may then collect in a cavity called an abscess.\u003cbr\u003eAn anal fistula (fistula-in-ano) is often the effect of a previous or present anal abscess.\u003cbr\u003eThis occurs in up to 50% of patients with abscesses.\u003cbr\u003eThe fistula is the tunnel that forms under the skin and connects the clogged infected glands to an abscess.\u003cbr\u003eThe anal fistula can be present with or without an abscess and may join just to the skin of the buttocks near the anal opening.\u003cbr\u003eClassification of Anal Abscess\u003cbr\u003e1. Superficial abscesses (subcutaneous, sub-mucosal, ischiorectal abscesses) show typical symptoms such as pain, swelling, tenderness and fever.\u003cbr\u003eDue to their anatomic location, they often cause discomfort on walking and sitting.\u003cbr\u003eNormally the surrounding area to the anal canal induces painful defecation\u003cbr\u003e2. Deep abscesses (inter-muscular, pelvi-rectal) often lack typical symptoms\u003cbr\u003eTypes of Anal Fistula\u003cbr\u003eFistulas are classified by their relationship to parts of the anal sphincter complex (the muscles that allow people to control the stools).\u003cbr\u003eThey are classified as:\u003cbr\u003eInter-sphincteric,\u003cbr\u003eTrans-sphincteric,\u003cbr\u003eSupra-sphincteric and\u003cbr\u003eExtra-sphincteric\u003cbr\u003eCauses of Anal Abscess:\u003cbr\u003eBoth aerobic and anaerobic bacteria have been found to be responsible for abscess formation.\u003cbr\u003eThe aerobes most often implicated are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli.\u003cbr\u003eThe anaerobes most often implicated are Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Clostridium.\u003cbr\u003eCauses of Anal fistula\u003cbr\u003eMost anal fistulas begin in anal glands that become infected with resulting abscess formation.\u003cbr\u003eWhen the abscess is opened or when it bursts, a fistula is formed.\u003cbr\u003eFistulas are also found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease especially Crohn disease.\u003cbr\u003eThe most frequent symptoms of an abscess are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Anorectal pain,\u003cbr\u003e2. Anal swelling,\u003cbr\u003e3. Peri-anal cellulitis (redness of the skin) and\u003cbr\u003e4. Fever\u003cbr\u003eA patient with an anal fistula may complain of:\u003cbr\u003e1. Recurrent malodorous drainage from the peri-anal skin,\u003cbr\u003e2. Pruritus and irritation of the peri-anal skin,\u003cbr\u003e3. Recurrent abscesses,\u003cbr\u003e4. Fever\u003cbr\u003e5. Rectal bleeding\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis:\u003cbr\u003eMany anal abscesses and fistulas are diagnosed and treated on the source of medical findings.\u003cbr\u003eBoth traditional 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional endo-anal ultrasound are a very effective way of:\u003cbr\u003e1. Diagnosing a deep peri-rectal abscess,\u003cbr\u003e2. Identifying a horseshoe extension of the abscess\u003cbr\u003eOccasionally endosonography of fistula, if required with contrast medium, and recently MRI have been useful to find the best treatment method.\u003cbr\u003eTreatment:\u003cbr\u003eAbscesses\u003cbr\u003eThe treatment of an abscess is surgical incision and drainage under most situations.\u003cbr\u003eAn incision is made in the skin near the anus to drain the infection.\u003cbr\u003eThis can be done in a doctor’s clinic with local anesthetic or in a surgical theater under general anesthesia.\u003cbr\u003eAnal Fistula\u003cbr\u003ePresently, there is no medical treatment available for this disorder and surgery is almost always necessary to cure an anal fistula.\u003cbr\u003eIf the fistula is straightforward (affecting minimal sphincter muscle), a fistulotomy may be done.\u003cbr\u003eThis surgery involves un-roofing the tract, thereby connecting the internal opening within the anal canal to the external opening and producing a groove that will heal from the inside out.\u003cbr\u003eFistulotomy\u003cbr\u003eFibrin glue\u003cbr\u003eBioprosthetic plug\u003cbr\u003eAdvancement flap procedure\u003cbr\u003eLIFT Surgery\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Anal Abscess and Fistula\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Anal Fissure\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Hemorrhoids\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47114375889136,"sku":"2940154521694","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154521694_p0.jpg?v=1764114752","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154521694","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}