{"product_id":"2940154530726","title":"Sick Sinus Syndrome, (Sinus Nodal Disorder) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eSick sinus syndrome is a collection of heart rhythm disorders with the sinus node, such as:\u003cbr\u003e1. The heartbeat rate is too slow, called sinus bradycardia\u003cbr\u003e2. The heartbeat pauses or stops, called sinus pauses or sinus arrest\u003cbr\u003e3. Episodes of a fast heart rate\u003cbr\u003e4. Slow heart rhythms that alternate with fast heart rhythms, called bradycardia-tachycardia or \"tachy-brady syndrome\"\u003cbr\u003eThe ECG indicates sinus node dysfunction with an atrial rate that is not suitable for normal functions.\u003cbr\u003eSick sinus syndrome is normally produced by idiopathic fibrosis of the sinus node.\u003cbr\u003eSick sinus syndrome most often happens in people older than 50.\u003cbr\u003eIt is often caused by scar-like injury to electrical pathways in the heart muscle tissue.\u003cbr\u003eIn children, heart surgery on the upper chambers is a frequent cause of sick sinus syndrome.\u003cbr\u003eCoronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and aortic and mitral valve diseases may happen with sick sinus syndrome.\u003cbr\u003eSinus bradycardia happens more often than the other forms of the disorder.\u003cbr\u003eTachycardias (rapid heart rates) starting in the upper heart may be part of the syndrome:\u003cbr\u003e1. Atrial fibrillation,\u003cbr\u003e2. Atrial flutter,\u003cbr\u003e3. Atrial tachycardia.\u003cbr\u003ePeriods of fast heart rates is often followed by very slow heart rates\u003cbr\u003eSome medicines can worsen abnormal heart rhythms.\u003cbr\u003eThese are digitalis, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, and anti-arrhythmics.\u003cbr\u003eCauses are:\u003cbr\u003e1. An intrinsic disease of the sinus node:\u003cbr\u003ea. Idiopathic degeneration of the sinus node\u003cbr\u003eb. Collagen vascular disease: amyloidosis, hemochromatosis,sarcoidosis.\u003cbr\u003ec. Familial sinoatrial node disorders\u003cbr\u003ed. Friedreich's ataxia, muscular dystrophy.\u003cbr\u003ee. Cardiomyopathies: ischemia, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, pericarditis, rheumatic heart disease\u003cbr\u003ef. Surgical injury.\u003cbr\u003e2. Extrinsic causes:\u003cbr\u003ea. Hyper-kalemia, hypoxia, hypothermia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism.\u003cbr\u003eb. Drugs - e.g., digoxin\u003cbr\u003ec. Toxins\u003cbr\u003ed. Sleep apnea\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms\u003cbr\u003eMost of the time, no symptoms are present.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms that do happen may imitate those of other disorders.\u003cbr\u003e1. Chest pain or angina\u003cbr\u003e2. Confusion\u003cbr\u003e3. Fainting or near-fainting\u003cbr\u003e4. Fatigue\u003cbr\u003e5. Dizziness\u003cbr\u003e6. Palpitations\u003cbr\u003e7. Shortness of breath\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis:\u003cbr\u003eSick sinus syndrome is diagnosed when the symptoms happen only during episodes of arrhythmia.\u003cbr\u003eAn ECG may show abnormal heart rhythms linked to this syndrome.\u003cbr\u003ea. Atrial brady-arrhythmias\u003cbr\u003eb.Atrial tachy-arrhythmias\u003cbr\u003ec. Ventricular (escape) tachy-arrhythmia.\u003cbr\u003ed. Alternating bradycardias and tachycardias\u003cbr\u003eAn intra-cardiac electrophysiology study (EPS) is a very specific test for this disorder.\u003cbr\u003eTreatment\u003cbr\u003eThe patient may not require treatment if he or she does not have any symptoms.\u003cbr\u003eThe patient may require a permanent implanted pacemaker if the symptoms are linked to bradycardia (slow heart rate).\u003cbr\u003eAtrial or dual-chamber pacemakers normally provide successful relief of symptoms and reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation, thromboembolic events, heart failure and mortality, when compared with ventricular pacemakers\u003cbr\u003eBeta-blockers, quinidine and digoxin may be given together with a pacemaker for tachy-arrhythmias.\u003cbr\u003eAnticoagulation will be required for patients with atrial fibrillation\u003cbr\u003eA fast heart rate (tachycardia) may be treated with medicine.\u003cbr\u003eOccasionally, an intervention called radiofrequency ablation is done to cure tachycardia.\u003cbr\u003eIn some cases, medicines given to control periods of fast heart rate are combined with the use of a pacemaker, which protects against periods of slow heart rate.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Sick Sinus Syndrome\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Atrial Flutter\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47114404364528,"sku":"2940154530726","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154530726_p0.jpg?v=1764070614","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154530726","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}