{"product_id":"2940154549933","title":"Ebstein Anomaly, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eEbstein Anomaly is a rare congenital heart disorder in which parts of the tricuspid valve are defective.\u003cbr\u003eThe tricuspid valve separates the right lower heart chamber (right ventricle) from the right upper heart chamber (right atrium).\u003cbr\u003eIn Ebstein Anomaly, the positioning of the tricuspid valve and how it functions to separate the two chambers is unusual.\u003cbr\u003eEbstein Anomaly is a malformation of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle typically featured by:\u003cbr\u003e1. Adherence of the septal and posterior leaflets to the underlying myocardium.\u003cbr\u003e2. Downward (apical) displacement of the functional annulus.\u003cbr\u003e3. Dilation of the atrialized portion of the right ventricle, with various degrees of hypertrophy and thinning of the wall.\u003cbr\u003e4. Redundancy, fenestrations and tethering of the anterior leaflet.\u003cbr\u003e5. Dilation of the right atrioventricular junction.\u003cbr\u003eIn persons with Ebstein anomaly, the leaflets are positioned deeper into the right ventricle instead of the normal position.\u003cbr\u003eThe leaflets are often bigger than normal.\u003cbr\u003eThe defect most often induces the valve to work poorly, and blood may go the wrong way.\u003cbr\u003eInstead of flowing out to the lungs, the blood returns back into the right atrium.\u003cbr\u003eThe backup of blood flow can result in heart enlargement and fluid buildup in the body.\u003cbr\u003eThere may be narrowing of the valve that leads into the lungs (pulmonary valve).\u003cbr\u003eIn many instances, patients also have atrial septal defect (a hole in the wall that separates the heart's two upper chambers) and blood flow across the hole cause oxygen-poor blood to go to the body.\u003cbr\u003eThis can produce cyanosis, a blue tint to the skin caused by oxygen-poor blood.\u003cbr\u003eEbstein anomaly happens as a baby forms in the womb.\u003cbr\u003eStudies have shown both genetic and environmental risk factors:\u003cbr\u003eThe anomaly is more frequent in twins and in those with a family history of congenital heart disorder.\u003cbr\u003eEnvironmental factors found in studies are maternal exposure to benzodiazepines (tranquillizers).\u003cbr\u003eMaternal lithium therapy (for depression) can infrequently result in Ebstein anomaly in the baby.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms vary from mild to very severe.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms form soon after birth, and are bluish-colored lips and nails due to low blood oxygen levels.\u003cbr\u003eIn severe cases, the baby seems to be very sick and has difficulty breathing.\u003cbr\u003eIn mild cases, the involved person may be asymptomatic for many years.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms in older children may be:\u003cbr\u003e1. Cough\u003cbr\u003e2. Failure to grow\u003cbr\u003e3. Fatigue\u003cbr\u003e4. Rapid breathing\u003cbr\u003e5. Shortness of breath\u003cbr\u003e6. Very fast heartbeat\u003cbr\u003eOther Symptoms are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Cyanosis: frequent in children and often because of linked atrial right-to-left shunt and severe heart failure.\u003cbr\u003eIn adult life, cyanosis increasingly become worse.\u003cbr\u003e2. Fatigue and dyspnea: because of right ventricular failure\u003cbr\u003e3. Palpitations and sudden cardiac death: because of paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia or fatal ventricular arrhythmias.\u003cbr\u003eSigns:\u003cbr\u003eHeart sounds: the first heart sound is widely split with a loud tricuspid part.\u003cbr\u003eThe pan-systolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation is optimally heard at the lower left parasternal area\u003cbr\u003eSigns of right heart failure: ankle edema, hepatomegaly and ascites\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis:\u003cbr\u003e1. Fetal life: diagnosed incidentally by echocardiography.\u003cbr\u003e2. Neonatal life and infancy: manifests with cyanosis and severe heart failure\u003cbr\u003e3. Adult life: right heart failure\u003cbr\u003eEchocardiogram permits definitive diagnosis.\u003cbr\u003eNon-surgical treatment:\u003cbr\u003eMedicines to help with heart failure\u003cbr\u003eOxygen and breathing support\u003cbr\u003eAntibiotic prophylaxis\u003cbr\u003eTreatment of heart failure and arrhythmias\u003cbr\u003eSurgery:\u003cbr\u003eTricuspid valve repair is favored over valve replacement.\u003cbr\u003eBioprosthetic valves are favored over mechanical prosthetic valves\u003cbr\u003eHeart transplant is last resort.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Ebstein Anomaly\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Atrial Septal Defect\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Congenital Heart Diseases\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47114417373424,"sku":"2940154549933","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154549933_p0.jpg?v=1764070567","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154549933","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}