{"product_id":"2940154557778","title":"Mediastinal Tumors, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eMediastinal tumors are the tumors that are found in the mediastinum.\u003cbr\u003eThe mediastinum is the region in the middle of the chest that splits the lungs into right and left.\u003cbr\u003eMediastinal tumors are benign or cancerous growths that form in the area of the chest that separates the lungs.\u003cbr\u003eThe mediastinum is enveloped by the breastbone in front, the spine at the back, and the lungs on each side.\u003cbr\u003eThe mediastinum contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, thymus and trachea.\u003cbr\u003eMediastinum tumors are mostly made of:\u003cbr\u003e1. Reproductive (germ) cells or develop in\u003cbr\u003e2. Thymic (thymus),\u003cbr\u003e3. Neurogenic (nerve),\u003cbr\u003e4. Lymphatic (lymph) or\u003cbr\u003e5. Mesenchymal (soft) tissue.\u003cbr\u003eGenerally, mediastinal tumors are rare.\u003cbr\u003eMediastinal tumors are normally diagnosed in patients aged 30 to 50 years, but they can develop at any age and form from any tissue that is present in or passes through the chest cavity.\u003cbr\u003eThe location of tumors within the mediastinum differs according to the age of the patient.\u003cbr\u003eIn children, tumors are often found in the posterior (back) mediastinum.\u003cbr\u003eThese mediastinal tumors often begin in the nerves and are normally benign (non-cancerous).\u003cbr\u003eIn adults, most mediastinal tumors are located in the anterior (front) mediastinum and are normally malignant (cancerous) lymphomas or thymomas.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms\u003cbr\u003eAlmost 50% of mediastinal tumors cause no symptoms.\u003cbr\u003eMost of the growths are often discovered on a chest x-ray that is done for another reason.\u003cbr\u003eWhen symptoms are evident they are often a due to pressure on (compression of) local structures, such as the spinal cord, heart or the pericardium (the heart’s lining), and may be:\u003cbr\u003e1. Chest pain\u003cbr\u003e2. Fever and chills\u003cbr\u003e3. Cough\u003cbr\u003e4. Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)\u003cbr\u003e5. Hoarseness\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis\u003cbr\u003eA medical history and physical examination may show:\u003cbr\u003e1. Fever\u003cbr\u003e2. High-pitched breathing sound (stridor)\u003cbr\u003e3. Swollen or tender lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)\u003cbr\u003e4. Unintentional weight loss\u003cbr\u003e5. Wheezing\u003cbr\u003eFurther tests that may be done are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Chest x-ray\u003cbr\u003e2. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest or CT-guided needle biopsy\u003cbr\u003e3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest\u003cbr\u003e4. Mediastinoscopy with biopsy\u003cbr\u003eMediastinoscopy with biopsy permits doctors to accurately diagnose 80 to 90% of mediastinal tumors, and 95 to 100% of anterior mediastinal tumors\u003cbr\u003eTreatment\u003cbr\u003eThe treatment used for mediastinal tumors is dependent on the type of tumor and its location:\u003cbr\u003eGerm cell tumors are normally treated with chemotherapy.\u003cbr\u003eThymic cancers are treated with surgery.\u003cbr\u003eTypes of surgery are thoracoscopy (a minimally invasive approach), mediastinoscopy (minimally invasive) and thoracotomy (a procedure done through an incision in the chest).\u003cbr\u003eRadiation or chemotherapy may be required additionally, dependent on the stage of the tumor and the success of the surgery.\u003cbr\u003eFor lymphomas, chemotherapy is the treatment of choice, and may be followed by radiation.\u003cbr\u003eFor neurogenic tumors of the posterior mediastinum, surgery is the main treatment.\u003cbr\u003eAs compared with traditional surgery, patients who go through minimally invasive surgery, such as video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) mediastinoscopy, have:\u003cbr\u003e1. Decreased postoperative pain\u003cbr\u003e2. Shorter hospital stay\u003cbr\u003e3. More rapid recovery and return to work\u003cbr\u003eOther possible advantages are reduced risk of infection and less bleeding.\u003cbr\u003eThere are complications in the use of radiation, chemotherapy and surgical treatment of mediastinal tumors.\u003cbr\u003eThe possible complications of minimally invasive surgical treatment are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Damage to the surrounding area\u003cbr\u003e2. Pleural effusion\u003cbr\u003e3. Postoperative drainage\u003cbr\u003e4. Postoperative infection or bleeding\u003cbr\u003eThe doctors will provide specific instructions to prepare the patient for each treatment or procedure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Mediastinal Tumors\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Cancer of Lungs\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Lymphoma\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47111719682288,"sku":"2940154557778","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154557778_p0.jpg?v=1764071574","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154557778","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}