{"product_id":"2940154585573","title":"Diabetic Nephropathy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eDiabetic nephropathy is a form of kidney damage that often happens over time in people with diabetes.\u003cbr\u003ePeople with diabetes are at higher risk of renal atherosclerosis, urinary tract infections, papillary necrosis and glomerular lesions (e.g., from basement membrane thickening and glomerulosclerosis)\u003cbr\u003eDiabetic nephropathy may be diffuse or nodular (Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion).\u003cbr\u003eThe early stages produce a raised glomerular filtration rate with enlarged kidneys but the principal feature of diabetic nephropathy is proteinuria.\u003cbr\u003eThis forms insidiously, beginning as intermittent micro-albuminuria before going on to constant proteinuria and occasionally nephrotic syndrome.\u003cbr\u003eKidney injury tends more likely if the patient can:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Have uncontrolled blood sugar\u003cbr\u003e2. Have high blood pressure\u003cbr\u003e3. Have type 1 diabetes that started before the patient was 20 years old\u003cbr\u003e4. Have family members who also have diabetes and kidney problems\u003cbr\u003e5. Smoke\u003cbr\u003e6. Be African American, Mexican American, or Native American\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrequently, there are no symptoms as the kidney damage begins and slowly becomes worse.\u003cbr\u003eKidney injury can start 5 to 10 years before symptoms begin.\u003cbr\u003ePeople who have serious and prolonged (chronic) kidney disease may have symptoms such as:\u003cbr\u003e1. Fatigue most of the time\u003cbr\u003e2. General ill feeling\u003cbr\u003e3. Headache\u003cbr\u003e4. Nausea and vomiting\u003cbr\u003e5. Poor appetite\u003cbr\u003e6. Swelling of the legs\u003cbr\u003e7. Itchy skin\u003cbr\u003e8. Easily develop infections\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis\u003cbr\u003eThe doctor will require tests to detect signs of kidney disorders.\u003cbr\u003eA urine test looks for a protein called albumin and sugar leaking into the urine.\u003cbr\u003eToo much albumin in the urine is frequently a sign of kidney injury.\u003cbr\u003eThis test is also called a microalbuminuria test because it measures small amounts of albumin.\u003cbr\u003eThe doctor will also examine the blood pressure.\u003cbr\u003eHigh blood pressure injures the kidneys and is difficult to control when the patient have kidney damage.\u003cbr\u003eA kidney biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis or look for other causes of kidney damage.\u003cbr\u003eIf the patient has diabetes, the doctor will also examine the kidneys by using these blood tests every year:\u003cbr\u003e1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)\u003cbr\u003e2. Serum creatinine\u003cbr\u003eRenal biopsy may sometimes be necessary.\u003cbr\u003eOther investigations for monitoring of diabetes are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and\u003cbr\u003e2. Serum lipids.\u003cbr\u003eAny increased albumin excretion rate in type 2 diabetes is often an indication of general vascular damage rather than specific renal damage.\u003cbr\u003eTreatment\u003cbr\u003eWhen kidney damage is identified in its early stages, it can be slowed down with treatment.\u003cbr\u003eOnce bigger quantities of protein appear in the urine, kidney injury will slowly get worse.\u003cbr\u003eThe patient should follow the doctor’s advice to keep the disorder from getting worse.\u003cbr\u003eControl the blood Pressure\u003cbr\u003eMaintaining the blood pressure under control (below 130\/80 mm Hg) is one of the best methods to slow kidney damage.\u003cbr\u003eThe doctor may give medicines to lower the blood pressure and protect the kidneys from more damage.\u003cbr\u003eThese medicines, even when the blood pressure is in a healthy range, assist slowing kidney damage.\u003cbr\u003eControl the Blood Sugar Level\u003cbr\u003eThe patient can also slow kidney damage by regulating the blood sugar level through:\u003cbr\u003e1. Eating healthy foods\u003cbr\u003e2. Getting regular exercise\u003cbr\u003e3. Consuming medicine or having the insulin injection as instructed by the doctor\u003cbr\u003eReviewing the blood sugar level as instructed\u003cbr\u003eGood Glucose control must be done\u003cbr\u003eACE inhibitors considerably decrease the risk of all-cause mortality for patients with diabetic kidney disease\u003cbr\u003eUrine albumin and serum creatinine levels should be monitored regularly.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Diabetes Nephrology\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Renal Failure\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Nephrotic Syndrome\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47111721058544,"sku":"2940154585573","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154585573_p0.jpg?v=1764071610","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154585573","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}