{"product_id":"2940154620175","title":"Chiari Malformations, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis book describes Chiari Malformations, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases\u003cbr\u003eA Chiari malformation, previously known as Arnold-Chiari malformation, occurs when the lower part of the brain pushes down into the spinal canal.\u003cbr\u003eA person with Chiari has the lowest part of the back of the brain extending into the spinal canal.\u003cbr\u003eThis can apply pressure on the brainstem, spinal cord, and block the flow of fluid.\u003cbr\u003eThese defects form during fetal development.\u003cbr\u003eBecause of genetic mutations or a maternal diet that lacked certain nutrients, the indented bony space at the base of the skull is unusually small.\u003cbr\u003eAs a result, there is increased pressure applied on the cerebellum.\u003cbr\u003eThis obstructs the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid.\u003cbr\u003eCauses\u003cbr\u003eThe exact cause of Chiari malformations is not known.\u003cbr\u003eIt is likely to be present from birth, but is normally only found in adulthood when symptoms form or when an MRI scan is done.\u003cbr\u003eMany patients are believed to be the result of part of the skull not sufficiently large for the brain.\u003cbr\u003e4 types of Chiari malformations:\u003cbr\u003eType I is the most often observed form in children.\u003cbr\u003eIn this type, the lower part of the cerebellum but not the brain stem spreads into an opening at the base of the skull called the foramen magnum.\u003cbr\u003eNormally, only the spinal cord passes through this skull opening.\u003cbr\u003eType I is the only form of Chiari malformation that can be acquired\u003cbr\u003eType II is normally only observed in children born with spina bifida.\u003cbr\u003eSpina bifida is the incomplete formation of the spinal cord and its protective covering.\u003cbr\u003eType III is the most severe form of Chiari malformation.\u003cbr\u003eIt induces the protrusion or herniation of the brain stem and cerebellum through the foramen magnum and into the spinal cord.\u003cbr\u003eType IV is not normally compatible with life.\u003cbr\u003eThis affects an incomplete or undeveloped cerebellum.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms\u003cbr\u003ePatients with mild Chiari malformations may have no symptoms\u003cbr\u003eOthers may have symptoms:\u003cbr\u003eDizziness\u003cbr\u003eFeeling and being sick\u003cbr\u003eHearing loss and tinnitus\u003cbr\u003eMuscle weakness\u003cbr\u003eNumbness or tingling in the arms or legs\u003cbr\u003eVision problems\u003cbr\u003eHeadaches\u003cbr\u003eNeck pain\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis:\u003cbr\u003eThe doctor will also examine functions regulated by the cerebellum and spinal cord:\u003cbr\u003eBalance\u003cbr\u003eTouch\u003cbr\u003eReflexes\u003cbr\u003eSensation\u003cbr\u003eMotor skills\u003cbr\u003eThe doctor may perform diagnostic tests, such as:\u003cbr\u003eX-ray of chest and brain or spine\u003cbr\u003eCT scan of brain\u003cbr\u003eMRI of brain\u003cbr\u003eMRI is the imaging study of choice\u003cbr\u003eTreatment\u003cbr\u003eThere is no medical treatment for Chiari malformations other than painkillers,\u003cbr\u003eOnly surgery may help improve the symptoms and prolong the life of patients.\u003cbr\u003eThe purpose of surgery is to stop any occurring symptoms from getting any worse.\u003cbr\u003eSome people also have an improvement in their symptoms, mostly their headaches.\u003cbr\u003eThe surgery occasionally leads to no improvement or the symptoms getting worse.\u003cbr\u003eThere is also a small danger of severe complications, such as paralysis or a stroke\u003cbr\u003eThe treatment for Chiari I malformation is dependent on whether the patient has any symptoms and how serious they are.\u003cbr\u003eIf Chiari malformations produce no symptoms and do not disrupt activities of daily living, no treatment is required.\u003cbr\u003eIn other cases, painkillers can be used to treat symptoms such as pain.\u003cbr\u003eIf the headaches are serious or the patient has disorders caused by the pressure on the spinal cord (such as movement difficulties), surgery may be advised.\u003cbr\u003eSurgery is the only treatment that can rectify functional defects or stop the progress of injury to the central nervous system.\u003cbr\u003eOnly Types I and II can be treated.\u003cbr\u003eType III Chiari normally dies during early childhood.\u003cbr\u003eType IV Chiari malformation is not compatible with life and the baby dies at birth or infancy.\u003cbr\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Chiari Malformations\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Syringomyelia\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Hydrocephalus\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47076513841392,"sku":"2940154620175","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154620175_p0.jpg?v=1764073041","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154620175","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}