{"product_id":"2940154620366","title":"Abnormal High Fever (Malignant Hyperthermia), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis book describes Abnormal High Fever, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases\u003cbr\u003eMalignant hyperthermia (or abnormal high fever) is an genetic disorder that produces a rapid increase in body temperature (fever) and severe muscle contractions (myalgia) when the affected person is provides with general anesthesia.\u003cbr\u003eThis disorder is not the same as hyperthermia due to medical emergencies such as heat stroke.\u003cbr\u003eThis is a rapid rise in temperature normally activated by an anesthetic and tends to be lethal\u003cbr\u003eIt is an inherited myopathy caused by a genetic mutation.\u003cbr\u003eLinkage studies reveal that in the majority of families the defect is in the ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) at chromosome 19q13.1\u003cbr\u003eMalignant hyperthermia is an autosomal dominant trait, indicating it needs only one parent carrying the disorder for a child to inherit the disorder.\u003cbr\u003eIt may be linked with muscular diseases such as multi-mini-core myopathy and central core disease.\u003cbr\u003eA form of malignant hyperthermia is produced by a defect in the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) gene\u003cbr\u003eMalignant hyperthermia (MH) reactions happen with the onset postponed for several hours into anesthesia using:\u003cbr\u003e1. Halothane especially,\u003cbr\u003e2. Desflurane,\u003cbr\u003e4. Sevoflurane, and\u003cbr\u003e5. Isoflurane\u003cbr\u003eIt has been limked with:\u003cbr\u003e1. Myotonia congenita\u003cbr\u003e2. Duchenne muscular dystrophy and\u003cbr\u003e3. Becker's muscular dystrophy.\u003cbr\u003eNon-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers such as pancuronium are harmless.\u003cbr\u003eNitrous oxide and barbiturates such as thiopental are safe.\u003cbr\u003eSymptoms are:\u003cbr\u003e1. Rapid rise in temperature to 105 degrees F or higher\u003cbr\u003e2. Muscle rigidity and stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3. Dark brown urine (myoglobulin)\u003cbr\u003e4. Muscle ache without obvious exercise to explain sore muscles\u003cbr\u003eOnset may be during or within a few hours after anesthesia.\u003cbr\u003eSpasm of the masseter muscle is often first noted.\u003cbr\u003eThere is muscular rigidity despite a paralyzing agent\u003cbr\u003eThere is tachycardia and the skin is flushed.\u003cbr\u003eThere is hypoxia, hyper-capnea and a metabolic acidosis.\u003cbr\u003eTemperature may rise above 40° but normo-thermia does not exclude the condition.\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis:\u003cbr\u003eThere can be a family history of malignant hyperthermia or non-explained death during anesthesia.\u003cbr\u003eGenetic testing is used to institute a diagnosis, but the caffeine halothane contracture test (CHCT) is the criterion standard.\u003cbr\u003eDiagnosis is made by the muscle biopsy.\u003cbr\u003eCaffeine, halothane, succinylcholine and raised potassium induce amplified contractions.\u003cbr\u003eDNA testing cannot be used as the only test for MH susceptibility\u003cbr\u003eTreatment\u003cbr\u003eFor an episode of malignant hyperthermia, a cooling blanket can help reduce fever.\u003cbr\u003eThe treatment with a drug called dantrolene throughout events of malignant hyperthermia has largely decreased the number of deaths.\u003cbr\u003eDantrolene, the antidote, decreases the loss of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the skeletal muscle and restores normal metabolism\u003cbr\u003eFluids given orally and intravenously, and certain medicines, are important for maintaining the kidney function during an acute episode.\u003cbr\u003e1.Call for help, as management can be difficult and complex for one person.\u003cbr\u003e2.Switch from volatile anesthetics to alternative forms of anesthesia.\u003cbr\u003e3.Give 100% oxygen and adjust ventilation according to blood gas analysis and end expiratory pCO2.\u003cbr\u003e4.Deepen anesthesia with opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates or propofol.\u003cbr\u003e5.Monitor blood gases, electrolytes, CK, myoglobin and lactate.\u003cbr\u003e6.Stop surgery if it is elective and if there are signs of masseter spasm or a fulminant crisis.\u003cbr\u003e7.Continue surgery, if there is no hyper-kalemia, no acidosis and there are no triggers.\u003cbr\u003e8.Intravenous dantrolene should be given but prophylactic administration of dantrolene is now regarded as obsolete.\u003cbr\u003e9.Arrhythmia may be treated with a beta-blocker or lidocaine.\u003cbr\u003eTABLE OF CONTENT\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Abnormal High Fever\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Causes\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Symptoms\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Diagnosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Treatment\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Prognosis\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Heat Stroke\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Hypothermia\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth Kee","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47076499357936,"sku":"2940154620366","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/2940154620366_p0.jpg?v=1764073391","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/2940154620366","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}