{"product_id":"9780080497396","title":"A New Ecology: Systems Perspective","description":"\u003cb\u003eA New Ecology\u003c\/b\u003e presents an ecosystem theory based on the following ecosystem properties: physical openness, ontic openness, directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each of these properties is developed in detail to show that these basic and characteristic properties can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of ecological obsevations and convections. It is also shown that the properties have application for environmental management and for assessment of ecosystem health.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e* Demonstrates an ecosystem theory that can be applied to explain ecological observations and rules\u003cbr\u003e* Presents an ecosystem theory based upon a systems approach\u003cbr\u003e* Discusses an ecosystem theory that is based on a few basic properties that are characteristic for ecosystmes","brand":"Elsevier Science","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47153676517616,"sku":"9780080497396","price":180.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/9780080497396_p0.jpg?v=1763637346","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/9780080497396","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}