{"product_id":"9780786166961","title":"Germany","description":"\u003cp\u003e Germany is historically one of the most important of all nations. Since emerging from its days as a Roman province, Germany (including Prussia) has had a central role in European affairs. It has reached the heights in art, music, literature and political power, yet it's also reached the depths in humiliating military defeat and partition. This presentation reviews the broad sweep of German history. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e9 AD\u003c\/b\u003e-Germanic tribesmen under Hermann destroy three Roman legions sent to conquer territory.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e200-400\u003c\/b\u003e--Roman Empire declines: Germanic tribes (\u003ci\u003eAngles, Franks, Burgundians, Lombards\u003c\/i\u003e) spread across Europe.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eca 771-813\u003c\/b\u003e-- \u003cb\u003eCharlemagne\u003c\/b\u003e conquers \u0026amp; unites Frankish lands; empire divided among grandsons, later becoming France \u0026amp; Germany.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e962\u003c\/b\u003e--Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (First Reich) begins as a collection of 1800 political entities.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1241\u003c\/b\u003e--Beginning of \u003ci\u003eHansa\u003c\/i\u003e, a medieval league of free towns in North Germany and adjoining countries. \u003ci\u003eGutenberg\u003c\/i\u003e invents printing press (1450) and Protestant Reformation begins (1517) in Germany.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1618-1648\u003c\/b\u003e--Thirty Years War between \u003cb\u003eCatholics\u003c\/b\u003e \u0026amp; \u003cb\u003eProtestants\u003c\/b\u003e. German population declines from 21 million to 13 million.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1740\u003c\/b\u003e--\u003cb\u003eFrederick the Grea\u003c\/b\u003et ascends Prussian throne; dawn of German Enlightenment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1804\u003c\/b\u003e--\u003cb\u003eNapoleon\u003c\/b\u003e forces \u003ci\u003eAustrian Hapsburgs\u003c\/i\u003e to relinquish title of Holy Roman Emperor; 900-year empire ends.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1815\u003c\/b\u003e--German Confederation created as 39 sovereign states, led by \u003ci\u003eMettenhich\u003c\/i\u003e as repressive police state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1848\u003c\/b\u003e--Revolution; first German parliament elected; government (and revolution) fails.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1862\u003c\/b\u003e --\u003cb\u003eBismarck\u003c\/b\u003e appointed Chancellor of Prussia under \u003cb\u003eKing Wilhelm\u003c\/b\u003e; \"Realpolitik\" policy launches wars against Denmark Austria, and France.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1871\u003c\/b\u003e--Second Reich proclaimed (January 18) with Bismarck as Chancellor.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1880s\u003c\/b\u003e --Bismarck creates the first welfare state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1914-1918\u003c\/b\u003e-- \u003cb\u003eWorld War I\u003c\/b\u003e. Kaiser abdicates and German Republic created, 1918.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1919\u003c\/b\u003e-- Treaty of Versailles forces onerous settlement on humiliated Germany, \u003ci\u003eWeimar Republic\u003c\/i\u003e created, soon followed by runaway inflation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1919-1923\u003c\/b\u003e--National Socialist German Worker's Party (\u003ci\u003eNazis\u003c\/i\u003e) emerge in postwar German politics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1923\u003c\/b\u003e-- Munich Putsch (\u003ci\u003ethe Beerhall Putsch\u003c\/i\u003e) fails to empower Nazis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1933\u003c\/b\u003e-- \u003cb\u003eHitler\u003c\/b\u003e appointed as Fuhrer Chancellor. Federal Republic ceases as Hitler accumulates dictatorial powers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e938\u003c\/b\u003e-- Invasion of Austria begins Anschluss (March). Hitler appeased at peace conference (September).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1939\u003c\/b\u003e -- Germany invades Czechoslovakia (March) and Poland (September 1). \u003cb\u003eWorld War II\u003c\/b\u003e begins.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1945\u003c\/b\u003e -- Hitler commits suicide (April 30). Germany surrenders unconditionally to Allies (May 7). Potsdam conference divides Germany into four occupied zones and grants German territory to Poland and Germany.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1949\u003c\/b\u003e -- American, British, \u0026amp; French zones reconstituted as West Germany; Russian zone becomes East Germany.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1990\u003c\/b\u003e -- East German states accepted into Federal Republic of Germany.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Knowledge Products, Inc.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47094241165552,"sku":"9780786166961","price":11.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/9780786166961_p0.jpg?v=1763661127","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/9780786166961","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}