{"product_id":"9780821381403","title":"Options to Increase Access to Telecommunications Services in Rural and Low-Income Areas","description":"Telecommunications sector policy-makers and regulators have a wide range of instruments available to them that can be used to increase access to telecommunications services in rural and low-income areas. The paper provides a review of these instruments, evaluating them against a set of criteria. It then goes on to identify a number of them that are worthy of further consideration by policy-makers and regulators while demonstrating that the effectiveness of the identified instruments can be greatly enhanced by the establishment of a conducive legal, regulatory and institutional framework. The paper concludes by confirming that while no single instrument taken in isolation can provide a full solution to universal access, a mix of the measures identified can be devised to achieve specific policy objectives in a particular country environment.","brand":"World Bank Publications","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47021199327472,"sku":"9780821381403","price":15.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/9780821381403_p0.jpg?v=1763743756","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/9780821381403","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}