{"product_id":"9781623095390","title":"The 9\/11 Backlash: A Decade of U.S. Hate Crimes Targeting the Innocent","description":"Many journalists and news commentators deny the existence, length, and \u003cbr\u003eintensity of the wave of intolerance that began immediately after 9\/11 \u003cbr\u003eand continued for years afterward. This book is an attempt to document \u003cbr\u003ethat this backlash did occur, and was much worse and much longer in \u003cbr\u003eduration than many Americans realize. In the years following 9\/11, many \u003cbr\u003eethnic Americans and immigrant residents were affected by a surge of \u003cbr\u003ehate crimes triggered by the terrorist strikes and the concomitant 'War \u003cbr\u003eon Terror.' This book argues that the 9\/11 backlash was fueled by \u003cbr\u003e20th-century Islamophobia and Hinduphobia, coupled with local and \u003cbr\u003efederal authorities' long-standing unwillingness to acknowledge the \u003cbr\u003ereality of hate crimes or handle them with the gravity they deserved. \u003cbr\u003eThese factors created a \"perfect storm\" of xenophobia that swept through \u003cbr\u003ethe U.S. after the terrorist attacks and continued to affect diverse \u003cbr\u003eminority communities for more than a decade.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter one establishes the need for this book, discussing how reporters \u003cbr\u003eand pundits often dismissed or trivialized the bias component of attacks \u003cbr\u003etaking place in the aftermath of 9\/11. This introductory chapter also \u003cbr\u003eexplores the incredible ethnic and religious diversity of both bias \u003cbr\u003ecrime victims and perpetrators. Chapter two provides an overview of \u003cbr\u003epre-9\/11 bias attacks, arguing that poor local and federal response to \u003cbr\u003e'Dot-buster' assaults, mosque arsons, and other 20th-century hate crimes \u003cbr\u003ecreated an environment in which post-9\/11 xenophobia flourished. \u003cbr\u003eSubsequent chapters explore different dimensions of the decade-long \u003cbr\u003ebacklash, demonstrating how news commentators routinely minimized the \u003cbr\u003eseverity of post-9\/11 hate crimes and local and federal investigators \u003cbr\u003edenied that hate crimes were taking place in their jurisdictions. \u003cbr\u003eChapter three acknowledges the South Asian, Christian Arab, and Muslim \u003cbr\u003evictims of the terrorist strikes in order to challenge nativist \u003cbr\u003einterpretations of 9\/11. Chapter four discusses physical assaults that \u003cbr\u003ebegan on September 11, 2001 and continued for years afterwards. Chapter \u003cbr\u003efive examines post-9\/11 vandalism attacks and arsons at mosques, Sikh \u003cbr\u003eprayer centers, and Hindu temples. Synagogues and immigrant-friendly \u003cbr\u003echurches were also targeted. Chapter six investigates backlash incidents \u003cbr\u003eon academic campuses. Chapter seven explores 9\/11 hate crimes targeting \u003cbr\u003eminority employees in their workplaces, establishing that taxi drivers, \u003cbr\u003e7-Eleven convenience-store clerks, and gas station attendants were \u003cbr\u003eparticularly vulnerable. Chapter eight delves into bias-motivated \u003cbr\u003eattacks on minority residences in the aftermath of the terrorist \u003cbr\u003estrikes. Chapter nine examines death threats and verbal attacks after \u003cbr\u003e9\/11. Chapter ten discusses killings linked to the backlash. Each of \u003cbr\u003ethese middle chapters begins in the immediate aftermath of 9\/11 and \u003cbr\u003ecovers hate crimes in the decade that followed. These chapters also \u003cbr\u003einclude a discussion of Islamophobic and Hinduphobic television programs \u003cbr\u003eand films that coincided with the timing of bias attacks. Chapter \u003cbr\u003eeleven investigates 75 reasons why backlash hate crimes are undercounted \u003cbr\u003ein the U.S., focusing on the unwillingness of minority victims to report \u003cbr\u003eattacks to minimally-sympathetic local and federal authorities. Chapter \u003cbr\u003etwelve offers 75 solutions to problems raised by the backlash. This \u003cbr\u003esection questions the efficacy of specific 'War on Terror' federal \u003cbr\u003epolicies and proposes strategies to end post-9\/11 discrimination, such \u003cbr\u003eas the widespread racial profiling of airport travelers. This book ends \u003cbr\u003ewith a discussion of the August 5, 2012 Wisconsin Sikh Temple Massacre.","brand":"BookBaby","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47182855667952,"sku":"9781623095390","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/9781623095390_p0.jpg?v=1763862583","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/9781623095390","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}