{"product_id":"9781884836756","title":"Redefining Efficiency: Pollution Concerns, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Technological Change in the U. S. Petroleum Industry","description":"\u003cp\u003eToday, pollution control regulations define how complex technological  systems interact with natural ecosystems and competing human uses of the  environment. \u003ci\u003eRedefining Efficiency\u003c\/i\u003e examines the evolution of this  industrial ecology in the United States by tracing numerous pollution  concerns associated with the production, transportation, and refining of  petroleum over the course of the twentieth century. In doing so, this  book demonstrates that a pollution control ethic based on the efficient  use of resources emerged early in the century and met with enough  success to undermine the first calls for strict government-enforced  regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eRedefining Efficiency\u003c\/i\u003e also chronicles the failure of this  efficiency-based pollution control ethic and its replacement by another.\u003c\/p\u003e    \u003cp\u003eThis second ethic required society first to define its environmental  objectives and then to institute policies to achieve those objectives.  The resulting regulations, by restructuring the economics of pollution  control, have since redefined the notion of industrial efficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e    Author Bio:\u003cbr\u003e  Hugh S. Gorman is assistant professor of environmental history and  policy at Michigan Technological University. He holds a Ph.D. in History  and Policy from Carnegie Mellon University","brand":"University of Akron Press, The","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47058840617200,"sku":"9781884836756","price":7.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0737\/7593\/9824\/files\/9781884836756_p0.jpg?v=1763605786","url":"https:\/\/shop-qa.barnesandnoble.com\/products\/9781884836756","provider":"Barnes \u0026 Noble (DEV)","version":"1.0","type":"link"}