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Loving Healing Press
Brief Treatment of Trauma-Related Symptoms in Incarcerated Females with Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR)
Brief Treatment of Trauma-Related Symptoms in Incarcerated Females with Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR)
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The following article is based on materials presented at the Proceedings of the Tenth National Symposium on Doctoral Research in Social Work (1998).
Statement of the Research Problem
Conducted in the Tallahassee Federal Correction Institute (FCI) in Florida, this experimental outcome study examined the effectiveness of Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) (Gerbode, 1989) in treating trauma-related symptoms of female inmates who were victims of interpersonal violence. TIR is a brief (in this case, one session), straightforward, memory-based, therapeutic intervention most similar to imaginal flooding. A memory-based intervention implies that the symptoms currently experienced by a client are related to a past event and that lasting resolution of those symptoms involves focusing on the memory rather than focusing on symptom management. TIR is straightforward in that the roles of both the client and therapist are very clearly defined and strictly followed.
TIR is both a client-respectful and therapist-directed intervention. It is client-respectful in that the client’s perception of the traumatic incident takes precedence over the therapist’s perception of the incident. For example, should the client have multiple traumatic events in her past, she would choose the event to focus on during the one-session TIR intervention, and her version of the event would be undisputed by the therapist. Additionally, an event is considered traumatic if the client so deems it. In other words, the client, not the therapist, is considered the expert regarding the client’s life and the impact of the traumatic event on her life. TIR is a therapist-directed technique in that the therapist acts as a guide, not an interpreter, evaluator or problem solver. Both the non-intrusive stance of the therapist and the client’s work of confronting the painful incident combine to empower the client (Valentine & Smith, 1996).
Statement of the Research Problem
Conducted in the Tallahassee Federal Correction Institute (FCI) in Florida, this experimental outcome study examined the effectiveness of Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) (Gerbode, 1989) in treating trauma-related symptoms of female inmates who were victims of interpersonal violence. TIR is a brief (in this case, one session), straightforward, memory-based, therapeutic intervention most similar to imaginal flooding. A memory-based intervention implies that the symptoms currently experienced by a client are related to a past event and that lasting resolution of those symptoms involves focusing on the memory rather than focusing on symptom management. TIR is straightforward in that the roles of both the client and therapist are very clearly defined and strictly followed.
TIR is both a client-respectful and therapist-directed intervention. It is client-respectful in that the client’s perception of the traumatic incident takes precedence over the therapist’s perception of the incident. For example, should the client have multiple traumatic events in her past, she would choose the event to focus on during the one-session TIR intervention, and her version of the event would be undisputed by the therapist. Additionally, an event is considered traumatic if the client so deems it. In other words, the client, not the therapist, is considered the expert regarding the client’s life and the impact of the traumatic event on her life. TIR is a therapist-directed technique in that the therapist acts as a guide, not an interpreter, evaluator or problem solver. Both the non-intrusive stance of the therapist and the client’s work of confronting the painful incident combine to empower the client (Valentine & Smith, 1996).
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