Process Design Manual: Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Effluents

This 2006 EPA guidance on land treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater is the first update since 1984. Significant new technological changes include phytoremediation, vadose zone monitoring, new design approaches to surface irrigation, center-pivot irrigation, drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation, and capital and operating costs. Also included are new performance data on soil-aquifer treatment, a model for balancing oxygen uptake with BOD loadings, and industrial wastewater land application guidance with emphasis on treatment of food-processing wastewater. Costs and energy use of land treatment technologies are also updated.