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THE PROBLEM OF THE OHIO MOUNDS (Illustrated)
THE PROBLEM OF THE OHIO MOUNDS (Illustrated)
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(An exhaustive bulletin written by Prof. Cyrus Thomas of Smithsonian Institution — claiming the ancestors of the modern Cherokees were the Tallegevi, or Mound Builders whose ancient works are found throughout the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, and elsewhere).
Prof. Cyrus Thomas, in a bulletin of 50 pages, issued in 1889, gives his conclusions and quotes as evidence the writings of quite an array of brilliant writers and explorers sent out by the Smithsonian Institute at Washington, D. C, in proof that the Indians were the authors of all the ancient monuments of Ohio, the Mississippi Valley and Gulf States.
He makes the statement for believing that the Cherokee tribes were Mound Builders after being driven from the Ohio Valley by other savages, even after reaching their prehistoric camp-ground of East Tennessee and Western North Carolina.
He claims to trace the Cherokees, by the mound testimony, by their pipe artifacts and traditional evidence, back to the State of Ohio.
He produces circumstantial evidence, believing that the Cherokees were direct descendants of the Tallegwi of tradition and the builders and designers of the typical mounds, earthworks and fortifications found in the Sciota, Miami and Ohio Valleys, throughout the valleys of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, and through Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas and the Gulf States, and credits these nomadic people as being better civilized and having at different periods of time fixed seats and local habitations, depending to a great extent for sustenance upon the cultivation of the soil. In other words, that they were farmers and tobacco raisers, and inveterate smokers, as their typical pipes, being still in evidence, showed.
Professor Thomas continues by stating: "There is a similarity of the arts and customs of the Mound Builders to those of the Indians.
"The historical evidence is, as we have seen, conclusive that some of the tribes of Indians were Mound Builders. Mexico, Central America and Peru are dotted with the ruins of stone edifices, but in all the mound-building area of the United States not the slightest vestige of one attributable to the people who erected the earthen structures (or mounds) is found.
We must conclude their buildings were made from perishable material, for they must have had dwellings of some sort, and if not made of stone or brick, may have been of wood, or the skins of animals in the forms of tents, like the wandering Arabs of the Sahara Desert.
If the Cherokees previously mentioned were the descendants of the Tallegwi, or Mound Builders, what relationship did this nation of ancient people have to the American Indian? And how many centuries have passed since the Tallegwi held the fort and roamed over the vast territory that some writers claim they controlled?
One archaeologist says that "quite recently hieroglyphics were discovered in the Tonto Basin country, depicting the driving out of white people by red men, and local archaeologists have set up the theory that the people who once cultivated the valleys were white.
"The present Indians have many legends of white men being in their country before the advent of the Spanish conquistadors.
"Mons. Charney has argued that the Mexican Toltecs, like the Mayas of Yucatan, were of a white race and may have reached America by crossing the Atlantic prior to the 11th century. The Aztecs and other allied clans of Red Tribes almost annihilated this white race."
Throughout this work we have tried to present the evidence of many writers, in an unbiased manner, leaving our readers to decide and make a verdict.
Prof. Cyrus Thomas, in a bulletin of 50 pages, issued in 1889, gives his conclusions and quotes as evidence the writings of quite an array of brilliant writers and explorers sent out by the Smithsonian Institute at Washington, D. C, in proof that the Indians were the authors of all the ancient monuments of Ohio, the Mississippi Valley and Gulf States.
He makes the statement for believing that the Cherokee tribes were Mound Builders after being driven from the Ohio Valley by other savages, even after reaching their prehistoric camp-ground of East Tennessee and Western North Carolina.
He claims to trace the Cherokees, by the mound testimony, by their pipe artifacts and traditional evidence, back to the State of Ohio.
He produces circumstantial evidence, believing that the Cherokees were direct descendants of the Tallegwi of tradition and the builders and designers of the typical mounds, earthworks and fortifications found in the Sciota, Miami and Ohio Valleys, throughout the valleys of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, and through Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas and the Gulf States, and credits these nomadic people as being better civilized and having at different periods of time fixed seats and local habitations, depending to a great extent for sustenance upon the cultivation of the soil. In other words, that they were farmers and tobacco raisers, and inveterate smokers, as their typical pipes, being still in evidence, showed.
Professor Thomas continues by stating: "There is a similarity of the arts and customs of the Mound Builders to those of the Indians.
"The historical evidence is, as we have seen, conclusive that some of the tribes of Indians were Mound Builders. Mexico, Central America and Peru are dotted with the ruins of stone edifices, but in all the mound-building area of the United States not the slightest vestige of one attributable to the people who erected the earthen structures (or mounds) is found.
We must conclude their buildings were made from perishable material, for they must have had dwellings of some sort, and if not made of stone or brick, may have been of wood, or the skins of animals in the forms of tents, like the wandering Arabs of the Sahara Desert.
If the Cherokees previously mentioned were the descendants of the Tallegwi, or Mound Builders, what relationship did this nation of ancient people have to the American Indian? And how many centuries have passed since the Tallegwi held the fort and roamed over the vast territory that some writers claim they controlled?
One archaeologist says that "quite recently hieroglyphics were discovered in the Tonto Basin country, depicting the driving out of white people by red men, and local archaeologists have set up the theory that the people who once cultivated the valleys were white.
"The present Indians have many legends of white men being in their country before the advent of the Spanish conquistadors.
"Mons. Charney has argued that the Mexican Toltecs, like the Mayas of Yucatan, were of a white race and may have reached America by crossing the Atlantic prior to the 11th century. The Aztecs and other allied clans of Red Tribes almost annihilated this white race."
Throughout this work we have tried to present the evidence of many writers, in an unbiased manner, leaving our readers to decide and make a verdict.
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