MANUAL OF EGYPTIAN ARCHAEOLOGY

CONTENTS.


CHAPTER I.

ARCHITECTURE--CIVIL AND MILITARY.

§ 1. HOUSES:--Bricks and Brickmaking--Foundations--Materials--Towns--
Plans--Decoration

§ 2. FORTRESSES:--Walls--Plans--Migdols, etc.

§ 3. PUBLIC WORKS:--Roads--Bridges--Storehouses--Canals--Lake Moeris--
Dams--Reservoirs--Quarries


CHAPTER II.

RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE.

§ 1. MATERIALS; PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION:--Materials of Temples--
Foundations of Temples--Sizes of Blocks--Mortars--Mode of hoisting
Blocks--Defective Masonry--Walls--Pavements--Vaultings--Supports--
Pillars and Columns--Capitals--Campaniform Capitals--Lotus-bud
Capitals--Hathor-headed Capitals

§ 2. TEMPLES:--Temples of the Sphinx--Temples of Elephantine--Temple
at El Kab--Temple of Khonsû--Arrangement of Temples--Levels--Crypts--
Temple of Karnak--Temple of Luxor--Philae--The Speos, or Rock-cut
Temple--Speos of Horemheb--Rock-cut Temples of Abû Simbel--Temple of
Deir el Baharî--Temple of Abydos--Sphinxes--Crio-sphinxes

§ 3. DECORATION:--Principles of Decoration--The Temple a Symbolic
Representation of the World--Decoration of Parts nearest the Ground--
Dadoes--Bases of Columns--Decoration of Ceilings--Decoration of
Architraves--Decoration of Wall-surfaces--Magic Virtues of Decoration
--Decoration of Pylons--Statues--Obelisks--Libation-tables--Altars--
Shrines--Sacred Boats--Moving Statues of Deities

CHAPTER III.

TOMBS.

§ 1. MASTABAS:--Construction of the Mastaba--The Door of the Living,
and the Door of the Dead--The Chapel--Wall Decorations--The Double and
his Needs--The _Serdab_--Ka Statues--The Sepulchral Chamber

§ 2. PYRAMIDS:--Plan of the Pyramid comprises three leading features
of the Mastaba--Materials of Pyramids--Orientation--Pyramid of Khûfû--
Pyramids of Khafra and Menkara--Step Pyramid of Sakkarah--Pyramid of
Ûnas--Decoration of Pyramid of Ûnas--Group of Dashûr--Pyramid of Medum

§ 3. TOMBS OF THE THEBAN EMPIRE; THE ROCK-CUT TOMBS:--Pyramid-mastabas
of Abydos--Pyramid-mastabas of Drah Abû'l Neggah--Rock-cut Tombs of
Beni Hasan and Syene--Rock-cut Tombs of Siût--Wall-decoration of
Theban Catacombs--Tombs of the Kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty at
Thebes--Valley of the Tombs of the Kings--Royal Catacombs--Tomb of
Seti I.--Wall-decorations of Royal Catacombs--Funerary Furniture of
Catacombs--Ûshabtiû--Amulets--Common Graves of the Poor

CHAPTER IV.

PAINTING AND SCULPTURE.

§ 1. DRAWING AND COMPOSITION:--Supposed Canon of Proportion--Drawing
Materials--Sketches--Illustrations to the _Book of the Dead_--
Conventional Treatment of Animal and Human Figures--Naturalistic
Treatment--Composition--Grouping--Wall-paintings of Tombs--A Funerary
Feast--A Domestic Scene--Military Subjects--Perspective--Parallel
between a Wall-painting in a Tomb at Sakkarah and the Mosaic of
Palestrina

§ 2. TECHNICAL PROCESSES:--The Preparation of Surfaces--Outline--
Sculptors' Tools--Iron and Bronze Tools--Impurity of Iron--Methods of
Instruction in Sculpture--Models--Methods of cutting Various Stones--
Polish--Painted Sculptures--Pigments--Conventional Scale of Colour--
Relation of Painting to Sculpture in Ancient Egypt

§ 3. SCULPTURE:--The Great Sphinx--Art of the Memphite School--Wood-
panels of Hesi--Funerary Statues--The Portrait-statue and the Double
--_Chefs d'oeuvre_ of the Memphite School--The Cross-legged
Scribe--Diorite Statue of Khafra--Rahotep and Nefert--The Sheikh el
Beled--The Kneeling Scribe--The Dwarf Nemhotep--Royal Statues of the
Twelfth Dynasty--Hyksos Sphinxes of Tanis--Theban School of the
Eighteenth Dynasty--Colossi of Amenhotep III.--New School of Tel el
Amarna--Its Superior Grace and Truth--Works of Horemheb--School of the
Nineteenth Dynasty--Colossi of Rameses II.--Decadence of Art begins
with Merenptah--Ethiopian Renaissance--Saïte Renaissance--The
Attitudes of Statues--Saïte Innovations--Greek Influence upon Egyptian
Art--The Ptolemaic and Roman Periods--The School of Meroë--Extinction
of Egyptian Art

CHAPTER V.

THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS.

§ 1. STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS:--Precious Stones--Lapidary Art--Beads and
Amulets--Scarabaei--Statuettes--Libation Tables--Perfume Vases--Kohl-
pots--Pottery--Clay--Glazes--Red and Painted Wares--Ûshabt