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The Woodpeckers
The Woodpeckers
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CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
FOREWORD: THE RIDDLERS 1
I. HOW TO KNOW A WOODPECKER 4
II. HOW THE WOODPECKER CATCHES A GRUB 9
III. HOW THE WOODPECKER COURTS HIS MATE 15
IV. HOW THE WOODPECKER MAKES A HOUSE 20
V. HOW A FLICKER FEEDS HER YOUNG 24
VI. FRIEND DOWNY 28
VII. PERSONA NON GRATA. (YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER) 33
VIII. EL CARPINTERO. (CALIFORNIAN WOODPECKER) 46
IX. A RED-HEADED COUSIN. (RED-HEADED WOODPECKER) 55
X. A STUDY OF ACQUIRED HABITS 60
XI. THE WOODPECKER'S TOOLS: HIS BILL 68
XII. THE WOODPECKER'S TOOLS: HIS FOOT 77
XIII. THE WOODPECKER'S TOOLS: HIS TAIL 86
XIV. THE WOODPECKER'S TOOLS: HIS TONGUE 99
XV. HOW EACH WOODPECKER IS FITTED FOR HIS OWN
KIND OF LIFE 104
XVI. THE ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN 110
APPENDIX 113
A. KEY TO THE WOODPECKERS OF NORTH AMERICA 114
B. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE WOODPECKERS OF
NORTH AMERICA 117
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Flicker (colored) _Frontispiece_
Boring Larva 10
Indian Spear 12
Solomon Islander's Spear 13
Downy Woodpecker (colored) _facing_ 28
Bark showing Work of Sapsucker 34
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (colored) _facing_ 34
Trunk of Tree showing Work of Californian Woodpecker 47
Californian Woodpecker (colored) _facing_ 48
Red-headed Woodpecker (colored) _facing_ 56
Head of the Lewis's Woodpecker 59
Head of Ivory-billed Woodpecker 70
Foot of Woodpecker 77
Diagram of Right Foot 79
Foot of Three-toed Woodpecker 80
Tail of Hairy Woodpecker 86
Tails of Brown Creeper and Chimney Swift 87
Middle Tail Feathers of Flicker, Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, and Hairy Woodpecker 89
Diagram of Curvature of Tails of Woodpeckers 90
Patterns of Tails 91
Under Side of Middle Tail Feather of
Ivory-billed Woodpecker 97
Tongue of Hairy Woodpecker 99
Tongue-bones of Flicker 100
Skull of Woodpecker, showing Bones of Tongue 101
Hyoids of Sapsucker and Golden-fronted Woodpecker 102
Diagram of Head of a Flicker 113
_The colored illustrations are by Louis Agassiz Fuertes.
The text cuts are from drawings by John L. Ridgway._
THE WOODPECKERS
FOREWORD: THE RIDDLERS
Long ago in Greece, the legend runs, a terrible monster called the
Sphinx used to waylay travelers to ask them riddles: whoever could not
answer these she killed, but the man who did answer them killed her and
made an end of her riddling.
To-day there is no Sphinx to fear, yet the world is full of unguessed
riddles. No thoughtful man can go far afield but some bird or flower or
stone bars his way with a question demanding an answer; and though many
men have been diligently spelling out the answers for many years, and we
for the most part must study the answers they have proved, and must
reply in their words, yet those shrewd old riddlers, the birds and
flowers and bees, are always ready for a new victim, putting their heads
together over some new enigma to bar the road to knowledge till that,
too, shall be answered; so that other men's learning does not always
suffice.
CHAP. PAGE
FOREWORD: THE RIDDLERS 1
I. HOW TO KNOW A WOODPECKER 4
II. HOW THE WOODPECKER CATCHES A GRUB 9
III. HOW THE WOODPECKER COURTS HIS MATE 15
IV. HOW THE WOODPECKER MAKES A HOUSE 20
V. HOW A FLICKER FEEDS HER YOUNG 24
VI. FRIEND DOWNY 28
VII. PERSONA NON GRATA. (YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER) 33
VIII. EL CARPINTERO. (CALIFORNIAN WOODPECKER) 46
IX. A RED-HEADED COUSIN. (RED-HEADED WOODPECKER) 55
X. A STUDY OF ACQUIRED HABITS 60
XI. THE WOODPECKER'S TOOLS: HIS BILL 68
XII. THE WOODPECKER'S TOOLS: HIS FOOT 77
XIII. THE WOODPECKER'S TOOLS: HIS TAIL 86
XIV. THE WOODPECKER'S TOOLS: HIS TONGUE 99
XV. HOW EACH WOODPECKER IS FITTED FOR HIS OWN
KIND OF LIFE 104
XVI. THE ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN 110
APPENDIX 113
A. KEY TO THE WOODPECKERS OF NORTH AMERICA 114
B. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE WOODPECKERS OF
NORTH AMERICA 117
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Flicker (colored) _Frontispiece_
Boring Larva 10
Indian Spear 12
Solomon Islander's Spear 13
Downy Woodpecker (colored) _facing_ 28
Bark showing Work of Sapsucker 34
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (colored) _facing_ 34
Trunk of Tree showing Work of Californian Woodpecker 47
Californian Woodpecker (colored) _facing_ 48
Red-headed Woodpecker (colored) _facing_ 56
Head of the Lewis's Woodpecker 59
Head of Ivory-billed Woodpecker 70
Foot of Woodpecker 77
Diagram of Right Foot 79
Foot of Three-toed Woodpecker 80
Tail of Hairy Woodpecker 86
Tails of Brown Creeper and Chimney Swift 87
Middle Tail Feathers of Flicker, Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, and Hairy Woodpecker 89
Diagram of Curvature of Tails of Woodpeckers 90
Patterns of Tails 91
Under Side of Middle Tail Feather of
Ivory-billed Woodpecker 97
Tongue of Hairy Woodpecker 99
Tongue-bones of Flicker 100
Skull of Woodpecker, showing Bones of Tongue 101
Hyoids of Sapsucker and Golden-fronted Woodpecker 102
Diagram of Head of a Flicker 113
_The colored illustrations are by Louis Agassiz Fuertes.
The text cuts are from drawings by John L. Ridgway._
THE WOODPECKERS
FOREWORD: THE RIDDLERS
Long ago in Greece, the legend runs, a terrible monster called the
Sphinx used to waylay travelers to ask them riddles: whoever could not
answer these she killed, but the man who did answer them killed her and
made an end of her riddling.
To-day there is no Sphinx to fear, yet the world is full of unguessed
riddles. No thoughtful man can go far afield but some bird or flower or
stone bars his way with a question demanding an answer; and though many
men have been diligently spelling out the answers for many years, and we
for the most part must study the answers they have proved, and must
reply in their words, yet those shrewd old riddlers, the birds and
flowers and bees, are always ready for a new victim, putting their heads
together over some new enigma to bar the road to knowledge till that,
too, shall be answered; so that other men's learning does not always
suffice.