Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine

CONTENTS.


PAGE

CHAPTER I.

EARLY ROMAN MEDICINE. 1

Origin of Healing--Temples--Lectisternium--Temple of
Æsculapius--Archagathus--Domestic Medicine--Greek
Doctors--Cloaca Maxima--Aqueducts--State of the early Empire


CHAPTER II.

EARLY GREEK MEDICINE. 13

Apollo--Æsculapius--Temples--Serpents--Gods of
Health--Melampus--Homer--Machaon--Podalarius--Temples of
Æsculapius--Methods of Treatment--Gymnasia--Classification of
Renouard--Pythagoras--Democedes--Greek Philosophers


CHAPTER III.

HIPPOCRATES. 25

His life and works--His influence on Medicine


CHAPTER IV.

PLATO, ARISTOTLE, THE SCHOOL OF ALEXANDRIA, AND
EMPIRICISM. 39

Plato--Aristotle--Alexandrian School--Its Origin--Its
Influence--Lithotomy--Herophilus--Erasistratus--Cleombrotus--
Chrysippos--Anatomy--Empiricism--Serapion of Alexandria


CHAPTER V.

ROMAN MEDICINE AT THE END OF THE REPUBLIC AND THE
BEGINNING OF THE EMPIRE. 51

Asclepiades of Prusa--Themison of Laodicea--Methodism--Wounds of
Julius Cæsar--Systems of Philosophy--State of the country--Roman
quacks--Slaves and Freedmen--Lucius Horatillavus


CHAPTER VI.

IN THE REIGN OF THE CÆSARS TO THE DEATH OF NERO. 63

Augustus--His illnesses--Antonius Musa--Mæcenas--Tiberius--
Caligula--Claudius--Nero--Seneca--Astrology--Archiater--Women
poisoners--Oculists in Rome


CHAPTER VII.

PHYSICIANS FROM THE TIME OF AUGUSTUS TO THE DEATH
OF NERO. 72

Celsus--His life and works--His influence on Medicine--Meges of
Sidon--Apollonius of Tyana--Alleged miracles--Vettius
Valleus--Scribonius Longus--Andromachus--Thessalus of
Tralles--Pliny


CHAPTER VIII.

THE FIRST AND SECOND CENTURIES OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA. 86

Athenæus--Pneumatism--Eclectics--Agathinus--Aretæus--Archigenes--
Dioscorides--Cassius Felix--Pestilence in Rome--Ancient surgical
instruments--Herodotus--Heliodorus--Cælius Aurelianus--Soranus--
Rufus of Ephesus--Marinus--Quintus


CHAPTER IX.

GALEN. 96

His life and works--His influence on Medicine


CHAPTER X.

THE LATER ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIOD. 111

Beginning of Decline--Neoplatonism--Antyllus--Oribasius--Magnus--
Jacobus Psychristus--Adamantius--Meletius--Nemesius--Ætius--
Alexander of Tralles--The Plague--Moschion--Paulus Ægineta--Decline
of Healing Art


CHAPTER XI.

INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY ON ALTRUISM AND THE
HEALING ART. 127

Essenes--Cabalists and Gnostics--Object of Christ's
Mission--Stoics--Constantine and Justinian--Gladiatorial
Games--Orphanages--Support of the Poor--Hospitals--Their
Foundation--Christianity and Hospitals--Fabiola--Christian
Philanthropy--Demon Theories of Disease receive the Church's
Sanction--Monastic Medicine--Miracles of Healing--St. Paul--St.
Luke--Proclus--Practice of Anatomy denounced--Christianity the
prime factor in promoting Altruism


CHAPTER XII.

GYMNASIA AND BATHS. 143

Gymnastics--Vitruvius--Opinions of Ancient Physicians on
Gymnastics--The Athletes--The Baths--Description of Baths at
Pompeii--Thermæ--Baths of Caracalla


CHAPTER XIII.

SANITATION. 155

Water-supply--Its extent--The Aqueducts--Distribution in
city--Drainage--Disposal of the Dead--Cremation and
Burial--Catacombs--Public Health Regulations


APPENDIX.

FEES IN ANCIENT TIMES 162




ILLUSTRATIONS.


Asklepios, the ancient Greek Deity of Healing _frontispiece_

Machaon (Son of Asklepios), the first Greek Military
Surgeon, attending to the wounded Menelaus _p._ 17

PLATE I.--Bust of Æsculapius _face p._ 13

" II.--Hygeia, the Greek Deity of Health " 15

" III.--Facade of Temple of Asklepios, restored (Delfrasse) " 18

" IV.--Health Temple, restored (Caton) " 20




OUTLINES OF Greek and Roman Medicine




CHAPTER I.

EARLY ROMAN MEDICINE.

Origin of Healing--Temples--Lectisternium--Temple of
Æsculapius--Archagathus--Domestic Medicine--Greek Doctors-