Archaeology and the Bible by George A. Barton

PART I

Table of Signs

Introduction
I.
Egypt

The Land. The Preservation of Antiquities. Egyptian Discoveries. Decipherment. Chronology. Outline of the History. Egyptian Discoveries which bear on the Bible.

II.
Babylonia and Assyria

The Land. The Preservation of Antiquities. The Discovery of Antiquities. The Decipherment of the Inscriptions. Chronology. Outline of the History. Discoveries which illumine the Bible.

III.
The Hittites

A Forgotten Empire. Hittite Monuments. Hittite Decipherment. Hittite History.

IV.
Palestine and Its Exploration

The Land. Early Exploration. Early American Explorations. Palestine Exploration Fund. The German Palestine Society. The American School at Jerusalem. Samaria. Parker’s Excavations at Jerusalem. Latest Excavations.

V.
Outline of Palestine’s Archæological History

The Early Stone Age. The Late Stone Age. The Amorites. The Canaanites. Egyptian Domination. The Philistines. The Hebrews. Philistine Civilization. The Hebrew Kingdoms. The Exile and After. The Coming of Rome. Later History.

VI.
The Cities of Palestine

Their Sites. The Walls. The Stone Work. Houses. Palaces. Foundation Sacrifices. City Gates. Water Supply.

VII.
Roads and Agriculture

VIII.
Pottery

Importance of Pottery. Pre-Semitic Pottery. First Semitic Pottery to 1800 B. C. Pottery of Second Semitic Period. Third Semitic Period. Israelitish or Fourth Semitic Period. Hellenistic Period.

IX.
Utensils and Personal Ornaments

X.
Measures, Weights, and Money

Measures. Weights. Inscribed Weights. Money.

XI.
High Places and Temples

A Sanctuary of the Pre-Semitic Cave-Dwellers. A Rock-Altar at Megiddo. A Rock-Altar at Jerusalem. High Place at Tell es-Safi. High Place at Gezer. At Taanach. High Places at Petra. A Supposed Philistine Temple. At Megiddo. The Temple to Augustus at Samaria.

XII.
The Tombs of Palestine

Burning the Dead. Cave Burials. Cistern Burial. Burial under Menhirs. Earth-Graves. Rock-Hewn Shaft Tombs. Doorway Tombs. Tombs with a Rolling-Stone.

XIII.
Jerusalem

Situation. Gihon. Cave-Dwellers. The El-Amarna Period. Jebusite Jerusalem. The City of David. Solomon’s Jerusalem. From Solomon to Hezekiah. Hezekiah. From Hezekiah to the Exile. The Destruction of 586 B. C. The Second Temple. Nehemiah and the Walls. Late Persian and Early Greek Periods. In the Time of the Maccabees. Asmonæan Jerusalem. Herod the Great. The Pool of Bethesda. Gethsemane. Calvary. Agrippa I and the Third Wall.

XIV.
The Decapolis

Origin. Damascus. Scythopolis. Cities East of the Sea of Galilee. Gadara. Pella and Dion. Gerasa. Philadelphia. Jesus in the Decapolis.

XV.
Athens, Corinth, and the Churches of Asia


PART II
I.
An Epic of the Creation which Circulated in Babylon and Assyria in the Seventh Century b. c.

Text of the Epic. Comparison of the Epic with the First Chapter of Genesis. The Epic and Other Parts of the Bible.

II.
Another Account of the Creation Found at Babylon

Text of the Account. Comparison of it with Genesis 2.

III.
The Babylonian Sabbath

Feast of Marduk and Zarpanit. A Day called Shabatum. A Day in Some Tablets at Yale.

IV.
The Legend of Adapa and the Fall of Man

Comparison with Genesis 3. The Adapa Myth.

V.
The Patriarchs before the Flood

Babylonian Long-Lived Kings. Comparison with Genesis 5. Comparison with Genesis 4. Comparison with the List of Berossos.

VI.
A Babylonian Account of the Flood, from a Tablet Written at Nineveh in the Seventh Century b. c.

Translation of the Text. Comparison with Genesis 6-9. Another Babylonian Version.

VII.
An Account of the Creation and Flood, from a Tablet Written at Nippur before 2000 b. c.

Translation. Comparison with the Other Version.

VIII.
An Account of the Origin of a City and the Beginning of Agriculture, from a Tablet Written at Nippur before 2000 b. c.

Translation. Comparison with Biblical Material.

IX.
Abraham and Archæology

Abraham hired an Ox. Abraham leased a Farm. Abraham paid his Rent. Who was this Abraham? Travel between Babylonia and Palestine. Hammurapi, King of the Westland. Kadur-Mabug. Kings supposed by some to be those of Genesis 14.

X.
Jacob and Joseph

Appearances of these Names in Babylonian and Egyptian Records. “The Tale of the Two Brothers”; its Bearing on the Story of Joseph in Genesis. Letters to a Ruler like Joseph. The Seven Years of Famine. Inscription showing Preparation for Famine.

XI.
Palestin