The Dynamics of Doctrine: The Changes in German Tactical Doctrine During the First World War

This latest Leavenworth Paper is a case study in the wartime evolution of tactical
doctrine. Previous publications of the Combat Studies Institute have examined the peacetime
development of doctrine and have increased our knowledge of how doctrine has been
applied. With the publication of Captain Lupfer’s study, “The Dynamics of Doctrine,” the
Combat Studies Institute adds another dimension to the history of the processes of doctrinal
change.
Besides providing a summary of German lnfantry tactrcs of the First World War, this
study offers insights into the crucial role of leadership in facilitating doctrinal change during
battle. It once again reminds us that success in war demands extensive and vigorous
training calculated to insure that field commanders understand and apply sound tactical
principles as guidelines for action and not as a substitute for good judgment. It points out the
need for a timely effort in collecting and evaluating doctrinal lessons from battlefield
experience.
Finally, this study reminds us of yet another fundamental lesson from the past-that
tendencies toward accepting the battlefield as a routine can be a deadly error. Altering
previously accepted tactics in the middle of a struggle, as the author points out, is a very
urgent and serious matter. As members of the Profession of Arms, we must be sensitive to
the demands of change, visionary in our examination of their implications, and creative in
our adaptation of combat organizations, tactics, and techniques.