COMBINED ARMS IN THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC SPECTRUM: INTEGRATING NON-KINETIC OPERATIONS

Anti-access, area denial (A2AD) environments provide adversaries with an asymmetric advantage too costly for a 21st - century military to overcome. Arguably, a counter to a defense-in-depth environment is an attack-in-depth strategy. However, regaining a relative advantage requires leveraging the electro-magnetic spectrum to offset the high cost of traditional targeting methodologies. This monograph suggests a framework for negating an anti-access, area denial advantage by integrating non-kinetic operations to induce strategic paralysis within the enemy's decision cycle. Electronic warfare, computer network operations, and space control negation require the same level of command and control, integration, and synchronization as kinetic fires in order to produce discernible effects on the battlespace.