The Ancient East

According to the introduction: " It is the East not of to-day but of antiquity with which I have to deal, and, therefore, I plead that it is not unreasonable to understand by "The East" what in antiquity European historians understood by that term. To Herodotus and his contemporary Greeks Egypt, Arabia and India were the South; Thrace and Scythia were the North; and Hither Asia was the East: for they conceived nothing beyond except the fabled stream of Ocean. It can be pleaded also that my restriction, while not in itself arbitrary, does, in fact, obviate an otherwise inevitable obligation to fix arbitrary bounds to the East. For the term, as used in modern times, implies a geographical area characterized by society of a certain general type, and according to his opinion of this type, each person, who thinks or writes of the East, expands or contracts its geographical area." According to Wikipedia: "David George Hogarth (23 May 1862, Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire – 6 November 1927, Oxford) was a British archaeologist and scholar associated with T. E. Lawrence and Arthur Evans. Between 1887 and 1907, Hogarth travelled to excavations in Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, Syria, Melos, and Ephesus (the Temple of Artemis). He was the keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford from 1909 until his death in 1927. In 1915, during World War I, Hogarth joined the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division. He also was the acting director of the Arab Bureau for a time during the war, with Kinahan_Cornwallis as his deputy. The character of Dryden (played by Claude Rains) in the film Lawrence of Arabia was loosely based on an amalgamation of Hogarth and colonial Governor Sir Ronald Storrs."