McClellan and the Union High Command, 1861-1863: Leadership Gaps That Cost a Timely Victory

With Washington’s proximity to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Union military operations in the first two years of the Civil War focused mainly on the Eastern Theater, where General McClellan commanded the Army of the Potomac. McClellan’s “On to Richmond” battle cry dominated strategic thinking in the high command. When he failed and was sacked by President Lincoln, a coterie of senior officers sought his return. This re-examination of the high command and McClellan’s war in the East provides a broader understanding of the Union’s inability to achieve victory in the first two years, and takes the debate about the Union’s leadership into new areas.