Civilization the Primal Need of the Race, and The Attitude of the American Mind Toward the Negro Intellect : The American Negro Academy. Occasional Paper No. 3

Alexander Crummell (March 3, 1819 - September 10, 1898) was a pioneering African-American minister, academic and African nationalist. Ordained as an Episcopal priest in the United States, Crummell went to England in the late 1840s to raise money for his church by lecturing about American slavery. Abolitionists supported his three years of study at Cambridge University, where Crummell developed concepts of pan-Africanism.