Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin)

The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, also known simply as the Principia, published by physicist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton in 1687, is a seminal work in physics, laying the foundation for what would become known as classical mechanics, and giving Science core concepts like the laws of motion and universal gravitation. To formulate much of his theories, Newton also invented calculus (more or less) from scratch for this work. Comprised of three books, each tackling a different set of concepts, the Principia is considered one of the most important scientific texts of all time.