The Shadow of the Avant-Garde: Rousseau and the Forgotten Masters

Difficult to categorize and branded as “naive,” the oeuvres of the great autodidact painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries continue to pose problems for art history. Artists such as Henri Rousseau, André Bauchant, Morris Hirshfield, Bill Traylor, Alfred Wallis and Séraphine Louis are far too often isolated in the light of an exotic primitivism, so to speak. Instead, this publication and the exhibition it accompanies at the Museum Folkwang contextualize their powerful creations with key works from the modern era, by artists such as Honoré Daumier, Paul Gauguin, Pablo Picasso and, more recently, Blinky Palermo and Mike Kelley. It is not by chance that many of the autodidacts fascinated the canonical modernist artists with their paintings and sculptures, who often publically supported them. From this perspective, even contemporaries such as Miroslav Tichý make a contribution to the development of art and are no longer merely its antagonists.